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Chars ASCII v2

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28 views16 pages

Chars ASCII v2

Uploaded by

alanchenyin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4 Data Representation

Characters
Character Set
ASCII, Unicode

1
What a computer “sees”
What a computer “sees”
What you should know
 Explain the use of binary codes to
represent characters (A, B ..z, 1, ? …)
 Explain the term “character set”
 ASCII & Unicode
 Describe, with examples, the
relationship between:
 the number of bits per character and
 the number of characters which can be
represented

4
Codes to represent characters is not
new!

5
What is
“SOS” and
what code is
this?

6
Binary Digits - BITs & Bytes
 BIT
 Binary digIT
 0 or 1
 ON or OFF
 Smallest unit of
memory
 Byte
 8 BITs
 Store one character
 Why 8 bits?

7
ASCII
(American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

 Alphabet , upper (A, B ..Z), lower case (a,b ..z) 52


 All numeric symbols ( 0-9) 10
 Punctuation & other symbols (?, :, %, ‘space’) 33
 Non-printable control codes 32
 “null” 1
 …………………………………………… Total 128
 How many bits is that per character?

8
7 bits is just right?
A byte was the number of bits to code for a character
 1 bit = 21 = 0, 1 = 2 distinct codes
 2 bit = 22 = 00, 01,10, 11 = 4 distinct codes
 3 bit = 23 = 8 distinct codes
 4 bit = 24 = 16 distinct codes
 5 bit = 25 = 32 distinct codes
 6 bit = 26 = 64 distinct codes
 7 bit = 27 = 128 distinct codes – good!
 8 bit = 28 = 256 distinct codes - too many

9
ASCII & Binary
 Note the characters
are “sequential”
 A, B, C ….
 A is less than B
 B is less than C …
 Useful for sorting!
Try this website:
ASCII text to binary

10
ASCII
Code in
Hex!
• This is the ASCII
• “Character Set”.
• So a “Character
Set” is:
• All the codes &
and their
corresponding
characters

11
Relationship between number of bits & codes

 the number of bits  More Bits, more codes so


per character and more characters.
 the number of  1 bit = 21 = 0, 1
characters which  2 codes
can be represented  2 bit = 22 = 00, 01,10, 11
 4 distinct codes
 3 bit = 23
 8 codes
 4 bit = 24
 16 codes

12
But a byte is 8 bits?
Just the right number of bits to code for a character
 7 bit = 27 = 128 distinct codes - just right
 Sometimes the 8th bit was used as a check
digit
 As 8-bit computers became more common
 The ASCII was extended to 256 codes
 EBCDIC
 Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
 8 bit = 28 = 256 characters
 These “extra” codes could represent more
non-English characters and strange
mathematical symbols.
 So now a Byte is accepted to be 8 bits.
13
Russian Cyrillic uses 8 bits
28 gives 256 different codes
First 128, same as ASCII 7 bit code ….

14
Unicode – What about other languages &
"strange" letters or symbols?

 uses 16 bits
 ... 216 = 65536
different characters
 or even up to 32 bits
 or 4 bytes per
character
 232 = 4,294,967,296
 more than 4 billion
possible codes!!

15
Character map for
Hieroglyphics

16

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