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Sound SamplingV4

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13 views20 pages

Sound SamplingV4

Uploaded by

alanchenyin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2 Data Representation

Sound
Sampling Intervals
Quality & File Size
The Syllabus

 Explain how sound can be sampled and


stored in a digital form
 Explain how sampling intervals and
other considerations affect:
 Sizeof a sound file
 Quality of playback
Real life continuously changes

 Analogue
 Continuously
changing
variables
 Temperature
 pH
 Sound
Analogue Music
Analogue Music
Digital Music
Inputs are mostly analogue
 Analogue to digital
converter - ADC
 Change the
analogue SENSOR
signals
 To digital ones the
computer can use
Outputs are mostly analogue
 Digital to Analogue
converter - DAC
 Change the digital
COMPUTER signals
 To analogue ones
the actuators
(motors) can use
Computers are Digital
What is a sound wave?
 Air particles vibrate
backwards and
forwards in the direction
the sound is travelling
 Frequency
 Cycles / sec (Hz)
 How low or high pitched
 Amplitude
 Maximum displacement
 How loud the sound is
More Complex Sounds:
A Clarinet & a Dropped plate
Sampling – converting to binary
Images Sound
 Split the image into  Split the sound wave into
millions of tiny parts millions of tiny time
 Pixels intervals.
 Binary code for each pixel  Sampling
 Sampling rate
 Number of times per
second we take a sample
 Binary code each sample
Sampling rate of 2 /sec (every 0.5 secs)
Displacement (+9.3, -3.1, -4.1, +8.2, -10.0, +4.0, +4.5)

Original wave Sampled wave


Sampling rate of 10 /sec (every 0.1 secs)
More time units – Encoding closer to original
(Compare: smaller pixels increasing image quality)
Original wave Sampled wave
Quantisation – mapping of samples to
numbers
 Sample Resolution or “Bit Depth”
 Number of bits to store each sample
 More bits, better accuracy, better quality
2 bits = 22 = 4 values
 3 bits = 23 = 8 values
 4 bits = 24 = 16 values .....
 Bit Rate – Bits/Second
 Bit Rate = Sampling rate X Bit Depth
 = Samples X Bits
 Second Sample
Count the bits

FILE SIZE
File Size – "Counting bits"
 Number Bits = (sample rate) X ( bit depth) X time (seconds)
 Bit rate (bits per second) = (sample rate) X (bit depth)
 CD has a sample rate of 44 kHz
 CD has a bit depth of 16 bits
 Sampled at 44 000 times / second
 Bit depth 16
 Bit rate = Sampling rate X Bit depth
 Bit rate = 44000 X 16 = 700 000 bits / sec
 Stereo (2 channels) = 700000 X 2
 1400000 bits / second
Sound Quality vs. File size
 Sample Interval
 Lower the interval, more times sample per
second so … Higher quality
 Sample Resolution
 More bits used, more accurate … Higher
quality
 File size
 High quality means high file size
 Compression techniques – MP3
 Reduce quality of sounds at edge of what
(most) humans can actually hear.
File Size – "Counting bytes"
 CD bit rate was 1400000 bits / second
 File Size (How much memory needed)
 How long is the music?
 Let’s say one minute = 60 seconds
 File size = 60 X 140000 M bits
 = 8400000 Bits
 Now change to bytes / 8
 Change to Mebibytes (binary millions) so
divide by 1024 X 1024
 File size = = = 1.001 MiB
What a computer “sees”

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