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    Session 13. Scheduling

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    Shubhanka

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    Session 13. Scheduling

    Uploaded by

    Shubhanka
    3 views12 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views12 pages

    Session 13. Scheduling

    Uploaded by

    Shubhanka

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Operations Scheduling & Sequencing-I

    Session 13
    Scheduling Operations
    • Companies differentiate based on product volume and product
    variety
    • Differentiation affects how the company organizes its operations
    • Each kind of company operation needs different scheduling
    techniques
    • Scheduling has specific definitions for routing, bottleneck, due date,
    slack and queue
    Strategic Importance of Short-Term
    Scheduling
    Effective and efficient scheduling can be a competitive advantage
    • Faster movement of goods through a facility means better
    use of assets and lower costs
    • Additional capacity resulting from faster throughput
    improves customer service through faster delivery
    • Good schedules result in more dependable deliveries
    Scheduling Issues
    • Scheduling deals with the timing of operations
    • The task is the allocation and prioritization of demand
    • Significant issues are
    1. The type of scheduling, forward or backward
    2. The criteria for priorities
    Contd..
    The scheduling task is one of the allocating and prioritizing demand(generated by
    either forecasts or customer orders) to available facilities. Two significant factors in
    achieving this allocation and prioritizing are

    1. The type of scheduling- Forward or backward


    2. The criteria for priorities
    Forward Scheduling
    • Forward scheduling starts as soon as the requirements are known
    such as hospitals, clinics, restaurants
    • Produces a feasible schedule though it may not meet due dates
    • Frequently results in
    buildup of work-in-process inventory

    Due
    Now Date
    Backward Scheduling
    • Backward scheduling begins with the due date and schedules the final
    operation first and the other job steps in reverse order.
    • Schedule is produced by working backwards though the processes
    • Resources may not
    be available to
    accomplish the
    schedule

    Due
    Now Date
    Forward and Backward
    Scheduling
    • Backward scheduling begins with the due
    date and schedules the
    e s a re operation first
    final
    pr oa ch -o ff
    es e a p t ra d e
    • Schedule t h p a d
    Often d tiso produced
    d e v e lo
    c he
    by
    d u leworking
    an
    m b in
    backwards e though
    s ib s
    le theteprocesses
    co a fe a d a s
    t we en e r d u e
    be
    • Resources customaym not
    be available to
    accomplish the
    schedule Due
    Now Date
    Scheduling Criteria
    1. Minimize completion time
    2. Maximize utilization of facilities
    3. Minimize work-in-process (WIP)
    inventory
    4. Minimize customer waiting time

    Optimize the use of resources so that


    production objectives are met
    Sequencing Jobs
    Sequencing- Determining the order in which jobs should be
    performed at work centers
    Priority rules- Priority rule used to determine the sequence of jobs
    in process-oriented facilities
    The most popular priority rules are:
    • FCFS: First come, first served- The first job to arrive at a work
    center is processed first
    • SPT: Shortest processing time- The shortest jobs are handled
    first and completed
    • EDD: Earliest due date- The job with the earliest due date is
    selected first
    • LPT: Longest processing time- The longer, bigger jobs are often
    very important and are selected first
    Sequencing Example
    Apply the four popular sequencing rules to
    these five jobs

    Job Work Job Due


    (Processing) Time Date
    Job (Days) (Days)
    A 6 8
    B 2 6
    C 8 18
    D 3 15
    E 9 23
    Sequencing Example
    Summary of Rules

    Average Average Number Average


    Completion Utilization of Jobs in Lateness
    Rule Time (Days) (%) System (Days)
    FCFS 15.4 36.4 2.75 2.2

    SPT 13.0 43.1 2.32 1.8

    EDD 13.6 41.2 2.43 1.2

    LPT 20.6 27.2 3.68 9.6

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