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Lect4 Operations of CT Signals

The document discusses operations that can be performed on continuous time signals including time reversal, time scaling, and time shifting. Time reversal involves reflecting the signal around the vertical axis. Time scaling compresses or expands the signal in time by a scaling factor. Time shifting delays or advances the signal by translating it along the time axis.

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Robbie Rosete
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21 views14 pages

Lect4 Operations of CT Signals

The document discusses operations that can be performed on continuous time signals including time reversal, time scaling, and time shifting. Time reversal involves reflecting the signal around the vertical axis. Time scaling compresses or expands the signal in time by a scaling factor. Time shifting delays or advances the signal by translating it along the time axis.

Uploaded by

Robbie Rosete
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE 4:

OPERATIONS OF
CONTINUOUS TIME
SIGNALS
CMPE 30244: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
OPERATIONS OF SIGNALS
TIME REVERSAL
Given a signal , its time reversal is . The reversed signal is
obtained as a reflection of about the , that is, we perform a
reflection about the vertical axis. (Reflection about the horizontal
axis results in .)
OPERATIONS OF SIGNALS
Example:

From this, we obtain by replacing every with in the equation.


Hence,
OPERATIONS OF SIGNALS
Time Reversal of a signal.
OPERATIONS OF SIGNALS
TIME SCALING
Time scaling involves the compression or expansion of a
signal in time. Given a continuous-time signal , the time-scaled
form of is , where is a constant. The scaled signal will be
compressed if or expanded if ; a negative value of a yields time
reversal as well as compression or expansion.
OPERATIONS OF SIGNALS
Example of Time Scaling
OPERATIONS OF SIGNALS
TIME SHIFTING
Given a continuous-time signal , the time-shift form of is ,
where to is a constant. If , then the signal is delayed and the signal is
shifted to the right relative to . When , the signal is an advanced
replica of , with shifted to the left. Examples of and are shown in
Figure.
OPERATIONS OF SIGNALS
Example of Time Shifted Signals
OPERATIONS OF SIGNALS
For any signal , the transformation on the independent variable can
be performed as follows:

where a and b are constants. This involves two steps:


1. Scale by factor . If is negative, reflect about the vertical axis.
2. If is negative, shift to the right. If is positive, shift to the left.
OPERATIONS OF SIGNALS
AMPLITUDE TRANSFORMATIONS
The previous three transformations deal with the independent
variable, . Equivalent transformations of the amplitude of the signal
will now be discussed. Given a signal amplitude transformations take
the general form

where A and B are constants


EXAMPLE 1
Evaluate GRAPH:
𝒙𝟏(𝒕)

𝒙𝟐(𝒕)
OPERATIONS OF SIGNALS
STANDARD AND EASY APPROACH

TIME SHIFTING

TIME SCALING

TIME REVERSAL
EXAMPLE 2
A CT-Signal is shown in the figure. Sketch each of the following
signals.
a.)
b.)
c.)
d.)
SEATWORK 2.1
Given a CT-Signal signal below, sketch and write the equation of
the signal .

a.)
b.)

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