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    Thomas Aquinas

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    Thomas Aquinas

    Uploaded by

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    Copyright:

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    3 views16 pages

    Thomas Aquinas

    Uploaded by

    dragneelboii

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Thomas Aquinas

    Nutsa Tavartkiladze
    Political Philosophy
    Table of contents

    01 02
    Life and environment Influences

    03 04
    Main works Political Philosophy and
    Classification of law
    Life
     1224 – 1274
     Aquino, Near Naples
     1245 – member of Dominican order
     University of Paris
     Albert Magnus
     His philosophy began its rise to prestige two
    centuries later (1567)
     Pope Pius V proclaimed St. Thomas Aquinas a
    doctor of the church
    Environment

    Golden Works of
    period of Aristotle
    Scholasticism available
    Influences

    Christian
    Aristotle
    Theology
    ✣ Theological discourse begins with ✢ Introduced at University of Paris
    what God has revealed about the world ✢ 12 commentaries on Aristotle
    ✣ World is understood in that light ✢ Integrated his arguments into
    ✣ Human wisdom Christian teachings
    ✣ Sciences of ethics and politics – base ✢ Reached limits of philosophy without
    ✣ Philosophy divine revelation
    ✣ Theology – apex
    Summa Theologica

    1st 2nd 3rd


    part part part
    God and his Ethics Jesus Christ
    creation
    Since God is the first cause of The way that leads to God –
    Faith and reason could guide
    everything, he is the cause of Christ.
    the human mind in its desire
    even the free acts of men Sacraments – instruments
    for God and for truthful
    through predestination through which this process
    knowledge about the world
    takes place.
    On kingship
     His only exclusively political
    work
     Kingship best form of
    government
     Tyranny is the worst and the
    “most unjust form of
    government”
    View on politics
    Christian belief + thought of Aristotle

    Blending knowledge, reason and


    faith

    St. Thomas Reason – ability to think and


    aquinas understand

    God implanted reason in human


    beings
    State

    Reason alone can


    Man – social and State is natural to
    not fulfill all
    political animal man
    human needs

    The state should The best should


    be organized upon rule under the
    justice constraints of law
    Government
    May delegate their authority to a monarchial,
    aristocratic, or republican government
    People
    People under god are sovereign

    Main promote virtue among men to enable


    God objective them to achieve eternal salvation.

    universe is governed by one God - a clear


    model of the best government.
    Monarchy
    Gave the state important advantages of
    unity, and regularity analogous to divine
    rule.
    Monarchy

    Rule justly
    For the
    common good
    Rulers
    No authority in
    religious matters The pope –
    obeyed by
    everyone
    Classification of law

    Eternal law Natural law


    - reason existing in the mind - Basic principles that
    of God by which the whole humans inherently
    universe is governed. understand through their
    - human can not fully grasp nature
    - guidebook to how - foundation for
    everything operates understanding what’s right
    or wrong

    Divine law Human law


    - rules created by humans
    - Specific rules given by god;
    based on natural law
    found in the scripture
    - aim: common good
    - Seen as special gift from
    - law of nations
    God
    - Civil law
    Attributes of human law
    1 2 3
    Common
    Standard rule Origin
    A guideline for human good
    Designed to benefit Arises from the reasoning
    behavior based on everyone in the of the community or its
    reasoning. community leader

    4 5 6
    Promulgation Conformity Scope
    Must be officially Should follow the Governs worldly matters
    announced to be binding principles of Natural Law and actions, not the
    spiritual aspects, which
    are under Divine Law.
    Church-State
    relationship
    ● Church – matters of faith
    ○ Most important
    ● Church completes the state
    ● Secular rulers should work
    with and be guided by the
    church
    Legacy and personal
    opinion
    Discussion point

    1
    How can we use St. Thomas Aquinas's ideas about keeping the
    church and state separate but working together for the
    common good in today's world?

    2
    How can schools use St. Thomas Aquinas's idea of combining
    faith and reason in the way they teach? And how might this
    help students understand different subjects better?

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