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Week 1-2 ICT

The document discusses the era of information technology and defines key concepts like ICT, IT, and components of computer systems. It describes how ICT has impacted lives and the introduction of important technologies over time from mainframes to present-day wireless computing and data science.

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Alex Holland
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38 views32 pages

Week 1-2 ICT

The document discusses the era of information technology and defines key concepts like ICT, IT, and components of computer systems. It describes how ICT has impacted lives and the introduction of important technologies over time from mainframes to present-day wireless computing and data science.

Uploaded by

Alex Holland
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LIVING IN THE I.T.

ERA
A period that has a particular quality or character. We are living in an era in which technology is
developing very rapidly.....

UNIT I: Introduction to Information


and Communication Technology
(ICT)
Week 1 - 2
Learning Goals/objectives

At the end of the lessons, the student are expected to:

• Understand ICT;
• Identify IT and ICT;
• Recognize the different Components of Computer;
• Explain the Input Process and Output;
• Describe the power of Computers; and
• Differentiate the Digital Age/Information Age/Computer Age.
Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

• Information and Communications Technology (ICT) often deals with the use of different
technological inventions like mobile phones, telephones, computer, Internet, and other devices, as well
as software and applications to locate, save, send, and manipulate information.

• ICT has greatly contributed to how easy our lives has been today. Our gadgets have become part of
our necessity that we check on them after we wake up. It made communication easier.

• We can use cellular phones that are designed for communicating with other people even they are
miles away from us. It has also assisted us in our work since there are Internet-based jobs. It has
revolutionized our education and in the modernization of our economy.
What is ICT?

• A technologies that provide access to


information through telecommunications.

• Modern information and communication


technologies have created a "global village,"
in which people can communicate with
others across the world as if they were living
next door.
Information Technology

• It refers to anything related to


computing technology, such as
networking, hardware, software, the
Internet, or the people that work with
these technologies.
INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM

DATA – a collection of independent and unorganized facts.

INFORMATION – is the processed and organized data presented in a meaningful form.

DATA PROCESSING - is the course of doing things in a sequence of steps.

COMPUTER - an electronic machine that follows a set of instructions in order that it may be
able to accept and gather data and transform these into information.
INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM

Data
Data Information
Processing
FUNCTIONS OF INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM

INPUT – accepts and gather data.

PROCESSING – processes data to become information.

STORE – stores data and information.

OUTPUT – presents information.


Components of the computer

• The computer’s components are


recognized as to become the most crucial
because without it, it’ll not work.

• Just in case the unit stops functioning. To


be able to know about simple computer
troubleshooting, you then also must be
acquainted with computing devices.
3 Major Components of information Processing System

HARDWARE – tangible part of a computer system.


SOFTWARE – non-tangible part that tells the computer how to do its job.
USER – refer to people who use and operate the computer system, write
computer programs, and analyze and design the information system.
Datapath

• A datapath is a collection of functional


units such as arithmetic logic units or
multipliers that perform data
processing operations, registers, and
buses.

• It manipulates the data coming


through the processor. It also provides
a small amount of temporary data
storage.
Datapath
components
•1. Programmable registers - small
units of data storage that are directly
visible to assembly language
programmers. They can be used like
simple variables in a high-level
program.
Datapath
components
•2. The program counter (PC) -
holds the address for fetching
instructions.
Datapath 3. Multiplexers have control inputs coming from control.
components They are used for routing data through the datapath.
Datapath •4. Processing elements - compute new
data values from old data values. In simple
components processors the major processing elements
are grouped into an Arithmetic-Logic Unit
(ALU).
Datapath
components
5. Special-purpose registers - hold data
that is needed for processor operation but
is not directly visible to assembly language
programmers.
Control

• Control generates control signals that direct the


operation of memory and the datapath. The control
signals do the following.
• Tell memory to send or receive data.
• Tell the ALU what operation to perform.
• Route data between different parts of the datapath.
• It generates control signals that direct the operation
of memory and the datapath.
Memory

• A memory is just like a human brain. It is used


to store data and instructions. Computer
memory is the storage space in the computer,
where data is to be processed and instructions
required for processing are stored.
Two types of memory

• Volatile memory is memory that loses its


contents when the computer or hardware
device loses power.
• Non-volatile memory, sometimes abbreviated
as NVRAM, is memory that keeps its contents
even if the power is lost. EPROM is an example
of non-volatile memory.
Input devices

• External devices such as keyboards, mice, disks,


and networks that provide input to the
processor.
• In modern processors, this data is placed in
memory before entering the processor. Input
handling is largely under the control of
operating system software.
INPUT DEVICES
Allows data and programs to be sent to the CPU.

Keyboard, Mouse, Trackpad, Biometrics, Game Controller, Microphone, Webcam, Scanner, Touch Screen
Output
• External devices such as displays, printers, disks,
and networks that receive data from the processor.
OUTPUT DEVICES
Media used by the computer in displaying its responses to our requests and instructions.

Monitor, Speaker, Printer


Why computers are powerful?

• Computers can perform the information


processing cycle operations (input, process,
output, and storage) with amazing speed,
reliability, and accuracy. It can store huge
amounts of data and information; and
communicate with other computers.
Digital Age/Information Age/Computer Age
Historic period in the 21st century characterized by the rapid shift from
traditional industry that the Industrial Revolution brought through
industrialization, to an economy based on information technology.

The modern age regarded as a time in which information has become


a commodity that is quickly and widely disseminated and easily
available especially through the use of computer technology.
The Information Age

• A historical period that began in the mid-20th century, characterized by a rapid


epochal shift from the traditional industry established by the Industrial Revolution to
an economy primarily based upon information technology.
• Very fast growth in communication and information technology.
Information age timeline

1946s-1970s 1980s and 1990s


Mainframe computing Home computing

2000s Present
Wireless computing Data Science
1946 ENIAC ERA
The first programmable general-
purpose electronic digital computer,
built during World War II by the
United States and completed in
1946.
Home computers

• Home computers were a class of microcomputers that


entered the market in 1977 and became common
during the 1980s. They were marketed to consumers as
affordable and accessible computers that, for the first
time, were intended for the use of a single nontechnical
user.
1990’s The internet era
An electronic communications
network that connects computer
networks and organizational
computer facilities around the
world
2000’s Wireless Computing
Transferring the data or information
between computers or devices that
are not physically connected to each
other and having a “wireless network
connection”.
Present Data Science
Data science is the field of
study that combines domain
expertise, programming skills,
and knowledge of mathematics
and statistics to extract
meaningful insights from data

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