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L01 - Intro To Java

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11 views

L01 - Intro To Java

Uploaded by

tinsaejembere4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1

Introduction to Java
What is a Computer Program?
• For a computer to be able to do anything
(multiply, play a song, run a word processor),
it must be given the instructions to do so.

• A program is a set of instructions written by


humans for computers to perform tasks.

• The instructions are written in programming


languages such as C, C++, Java, etc.
Recipe Analogy
Comparing a computer program to a food recipe

Food Recipe Computer Program


• a chef writes a set of • a programmer writes a set of
instructions called a recipe instructions called a program

• the recipe requires • the program requires


specific ingredients specific inputs

• the cook follows the • the computer follows the


instruction step-by-step instructions step-by-step

• the food will vary • the output will vary


depending on the amount depending on the values of
of ingredients and the cook the inputs and the
Compiling Programs

• Computers do not understand the languages


(C++, Java, etc) that programs are written in.

• Programs must first be compiled (converted)


into machine code that the computer can run.

• A compiler is a program that translates a


programming language into machine code.
Running Programs
• All programs follow a simple format:
Input Execution Output

• Inputs can be from users, files, or


other computer programs

• Outputs can take on many forms:


numbers, text, graphics, sound, or
commands to other programs
Multiple Compilers
• Because different operating systems (Windows, Macs,
Unix) require different machine code, you must compile
most programming languages separately for each platform.

program

compiler compiler

compiler

Unix
Win
MAC
Java Interpreter
• Java is a little different.
• Java compiler produces bytecode not
machine code.
• Bytecode can be run on any computer
with the Java interpreter installed. Win

t er
er pre
Int
Java Program Java Bytecode
MAC

compiler Interpreter

Inter
pret
er Unix
Advantages and Disadvantages of Java
Advantages:
• Java is platform independent. Once it's compiled, you can run
the bytecode on any machine with a Java interpreter. You do not
have to recompile for each platform.
• Java is safe. Certain common programming bugs and dangerous
operations are prevented by the language and compiler.
• Java standardizes many useful operations like managing
network connections and providing graphical user interfaces.

Disadvantages:
• Running bytecode through the interpreter is not as fast as
running machine code, which is specific to that platform.
• Because it is platform independent, it is difficult to use platform
specific features (e.g., Windows taskbar, quick launch) in Java.
• Java interpreter must be installed on the computer in order to run
Java programs.
Your First Java Program
• Open your text-editor and type the following piece
of Java code exactly:

class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}

• Save this file as HelloWorld.java (watch


capitalization) in the following directory:
c:\java
Compiling and Running
Your First Program
• Open the command prompt in Windows
• To run the program that you just wrote, type at the command
prompt:
cd c:\java
• Your command prompt should now look like this:
c:\java>
• To compile the program that you wrote, you need to run the Java
Development Tool Kit Compiler as follows:
At the command prompt type:
c:\java> javac HelloWorld.java
• You have now created your first compiled Java program named
HelloWorld.class
• To run your first program, type the following at the command
prompt:
c:\java>java HelloWorld

Although the file name includes the .class extension , this part of the name must be
left off when running the program with the Java interpreter.
You’ve created your first
Java program!
Object-Oriented Programming
• Java is an object-oriented
programming language

• For the rest of this lecture, we’ll


introduce you to the basic principles
of object-oriented programming.

• We won’t be using these principles


immediately, but they will become
important over the next few weeks.
OOP Concepts
• In object-oriented programming (OOP),
programs are organized into objects

• The properties of objects are


determined by their class

• Objects act on each other by passing


messages
Object
• Definition: An object is a software
bundle that has State and Behavior.

• Software Objects are often used to


model real-world objects.

• Example: dogs have states (name,


color, hungry, breed) and behaviors
(bark, fetch, and wag tail).
Object Examples

• Example 1: Dogs
– States: name, color, breed, and “is hungry?”
– Behaviors: bark, run, and wag tail

• Example 2: Cars
– States: color, model, speed, direction
– Behaviors: accelerate, turn, change gears
Class
• Definition: A class is a blueprint that defines the
states and the behaviors common to all objects of
a certain kind.

• In the real world, you often have many objects of


the same kind. For example, a guard dog, herding
dog, snoop dog . . .

• Even though all dogs have four legs, and bark,


each dog’s behavior is independent of other dogs.

• For example: Dog #1 is a black Poodle, Dog #2 is


a red Irish Setter
Message

• Definition: Software objects interact and


communicate with each other by sending
messages to each other.

• Example: when you want your dog to


gather a herd of goats, you whistle and
send him out.
Summary of OOP
• When writing an object-oriented program, we
define classes, which describe categories of
objects, and the states and behaviors that they
have in common.

• We then create objects which belong to classes,


and share the common features of their class.

• Objects interact with each other by passing


messages.

• You will be creating your own classes and


objects soon!

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