Ch:-3-INFORMATION &

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Name :- Samarth
Class/sec:- IX B
 INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
ICT i.e., Information and Communication Technology refers to the convergence of tools of
Information and Communication. Here, 'information' refers to the processed data or output that is
generated by computing devices and 'communication' refers to the transfer of knowledge and
information. ICT includes a diverse set of technological tools and resources that are used to
communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information needed to be processed or
shared. ICT has enabled a vast array of new communication capabilities. The resources of
telecommunication include broadcast media, transmission, network- based control, telephone
lines and wireless signals whereas the resources of information technology include data,
information, software, audio & video processing, etc.
ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF ICT

ICT deals with digital data and the way to create, store, retrieve and transmit data. The resources
of ICT are being applied in all sectors of human activity, leading to a life of more facilities. The
convergence of different technologies in ICT is being applied in academic, health, business and
government communities to widen the use of their resources.
Basic ICT skills that you need are:
• knowing how to operate computers.
• knowing how to use the Internet to browse for collecting, storing and disseminating
information.

In Education
Imparting education and training is the most important aspect of human society. ICT has made it
possible that knowledge reaches everywhere in the best possible way.
It is helpful to make the teaching and learning process an active and continuous process that can
be connected to the social life of all citizens as it has the potential for reaching remote places &
increasing access.
It is providing a variety of opportunities to scattered and rural populations, especially to
traditionally excluded people from education due to cultural or social reasons such as ethnic
minorities, girls, persons with disabilities and the elderly. It is helping people who are abstained
from education due to cost or because of time constraints.
Education by ICT is reaching many with quality deliverance in many ways like:
Virtual Class
ICT is in process of making the classrooms digital. In classrooms, digital boards are being
installed along with LCD projectors that are connected to servers of contents over the
network/Internet.
The teachers take the help of such content to demonstrate various topics that help the students to
understand with a broader perspective. Such arrangements also help the teachers to store more
content for further usage than compared to the written content on the board while teaching in
class. Through virtual classes, a live demo of any activity or concept can be given. It establishes
a realistic approach to teaching.

Video Conferencing
ICT helps to organise video conferences that telecast lectures and discussions about problems
and provide instant solutions, clarify doubts, etc. Such classroom teaching is being supported by
the e-learning concept in which projectors and Internet features are used for online
communication by renowned and well- experienced faculties and there is a deliverance of
content to demonstrate important topics as well.

Online Examination
With the increase in resources of ICT, different types of examinations and competitions are held
on computers that are connected to a centralized server of organisers through the internet. Such
kind of online exams gives immediate results and saves a lot of time, effort and resources.
Advantages of using ICT in Education
Advantages of using ICT in Education
Following are the advantages of using ICT tools in Education:
Access to Remote Learning: With the help of ICT, a wealth of learning
material on almost every topic can be accessed from anywhere at any point in time & by an
unlimited number of people.
Use of Media: Images and pictures can easily be used in teaching and improving the retentive
memory of students by recognizing, relating and composing the things with real-life objects.
• Easier Explanation: Teachers can easily demonstrate to explain complex instructions and
ensure students' understanding.
• Interaction: The classes can be made more interactive and the lessons become more
enjoyable.
Environmental Saving: Natural resources are saved as learners don't need to
travel long distances to attend coaching or classes. It also saves time, effort and money.
In Healthcare
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has revolutionized health and medical care
facilities. It has revolutionized the services, advice and delivery of health care. With the use of
this technology, patients can communicate with doctors for immediate advice or consultancy.

Advantages of ICT in Healthcare

Following are the advantages of ICT tools in healthcare:
• Diagnosis: There can be some new findings through diagnosis. Diagnosis can be innumerable
and recording of such diagnosis can be transferred into other languages, textual matter or other
readable forms by operators (that can be useful for others or for future reference) with the help of
ICT tools.
• Delivery of Healthcare Services: Nowadays many hospitals like Apollo in
association with CISCO Health Presence Extended Reach technology are effectively delivering
health care services remotely 24x7. For example: Worldwide, medical staff has many
opportunities to update skills through internet-based advice and training initiatives, resulting in
early diagnosis of symptoms that can save a person's life. Rural health kiosks can transmit
information about the symptoms of a sick person to the centrally located hospital and provide
treatment, etc.
ICT provides an excellent tool for enhancing the healthcare delivery and optimal utilization of the
skills and infrastructure that may be located in remote, rural and urban areas in a cost-effective
manner.
In Governance
The advancement of communication technologies, especially the internet, has enabled
governments all over the world to improve the living standards of their citizens. The use of of
Information Technology tools in different government departments has led to better management
and administrative control.

In India, NIC (National Informatics Centre) under the Department of Information Technology
actively promotes to implement the Information and Communication Technology solutions in the
government departments.

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Advantages of ICT in Governance
Exchange information: e-Governance is related to the governance of various
departments by exchanging information and direction between government and citizens (G2C),
government and employees (G2E) and also between government and government departments
(G2G).
Provides services to citizens: ICT facilitates electronic access of different
services to the citizens. It enables to provide in-hand information about various government
departments to the citizens at their doorsteps.

ICT TOOLS
ICT tools are devices used in information and communication technology. The list of ICT tools is
exhaustive and it continues to grow. It includes antiquated technologies such as landline
telephones, radio and television all of which are still widely used today alongside cutting-edge
ICT tools such as computers, smartphones, artificial intelligence, robotics, etc

Mobile Phone
A mobile phone is a wireless handheld device used for telecommunication over a cellular
network. A mobile phone is commonly known as a cell phone or cellular phone. It is primarily
designed for voice communication and to send and receive text messages.
In addition to the standard voice function, new generation mobile phones i.e., Smartphones
support many additional services, and accessories, such as MMS (Multimedia Messaging
Service), e-mail, web browsing, gaming, photography and even navigation. A mobile phone with
features is called a smartphone, while a regular mobile phone is known as a feature phone.
Someof the popular operating systems for smartphones are Android OS, Apple iOS, Windows
OS, etc.

Tablet
A tablet computer or Tab is a mobile device, designed to be a handheld computer. It is small
enough to fit in the hand but large enough to display a lot of text at a decent size. Tablets, being
computers, do what other personal computers do, but are usually less powerful than regular PCs.
The tablet is ideal for browsing the web, its size and shape make it easy to read and hold. Most of
the tablets include e-reader software that allows you to download books and other written
material from the internet and read it on the machine.

Radio
Radio is one of the most popular ICT tools. Radio is used to broadcast audio. It is widely used in
modern technology for radio communication, listening to songs, commentary, news, radar
operation, radio navigation, etc

Television
Television popularly known as TV was invented by a Scottish scientist named John Logie Baird.
Television is a system for transmitting visual images and sounds that are reproduced on screens.
It is chiefly used to show programs for entertainment, information, advertisement and education.
E-Mail
Electronic mail is a mailing service provided on the internet by which one can send messages to
any person around the world through a computer. It has become the fastest, easiest and cheapest
means of communication for business, governance, administration, education, tourism,etc.

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