CHAPTER 7

OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES DURING

HOSTAGE TAKING SITUATIONS, AND
HOSTAGE NEGOTIATION
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THIS CHAPTER, THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO:
1. EXPLAIN AND UNDERSTAND THE THINGS THAT ARE HAPPENING DURING
HOSTAGE TAKING SITUATIONS
2. DESCRIBE THE PNP'S GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES IN HANDLING
HOSTAGE SITUATIONS
3. EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT OF NEGOTIATION
4. DEFINE THE HOSTAGE CRISIS NEGOTIATION
5. ENUMERATE SOME OF THE QUALITIES OF A NEGOTIATOR
6. IDENTIFY AND APPRECIATE THE ROLE OF THE CRISIS NEGOTIATING TEAM
AND
7. EXPLAIN THE GUIDELINES IN HANDLING DEMANDS OF HOSTAGE TAKER
 DURING HOSTAGE TAKING SITUATIONS
HOSTAGE TAKERS CAN EITHER
• CHOOSE MARTYRDOM, KILL THE HOSTAGES, AND COMMIT
SUICIDE
• LESSEN ONE’S DEMANDS TO A MORE ACHIEVABLE
PROPORTION AND CONTINUE NEGOTIATION
• SURRENDER TO THE POLICE
• IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT THE BASIC POLICY IN
HOSTAGE TAKING INCIDENTS IS “NO CONCESSION TO
HOSTAGE TAKERS”.
• THE OVERRIDING GOALS FOR ANY NEGOTIATION ARE
FOUR COURSES OF ACTION HOSTAGE-TAKING INCIDENT
THE INCIDENT COMMANDER DURING A HOSTAGE TAKING
INCIDENT CHOOSE AMONG THESE COURSE OF ACTION TO
DEAL WITH THE HOSTAGE TAKERS:
1. AMASS OFFICERS AND MASSIVE FIREPOWER AND
ASSAULT.
2. USE SELECTIVE SNIPER FIRE.
3. USE CHEMICAL AGENTS.
4. CONTAIN THE AREA AND NEGOTIATE THROUGH A
SPECIALLY TRAINED NEGOTIATOR.
IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER DURING A HOSTAGE TAKING INCIDENT
HERE ARE SOME IMPORTANT FACTORS TO TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION DURING
A HOSTAGE TAKING INCIDENTS
1. INTELLIGENCE GATHERING - IT FOCUSES ON IDENTIFYING THE HOSTAGE-
TAKER/S AND HOSTAGES.
2. MOTIVE - IT REFERS TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF WHAT TYPE OF HOSTAGE-
TAKER/S ARE INVOLVED
3. HOSTAGE LOCATION - IT REFERS TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE EXACT
LOCATION OF THE HOSTAGES
4. SETTING - IT PERTAINS TO THE DETAILED KNOWLEDGE OF THE HOSTAGE
SCENE'S IMMEDIATE VICINITY
5. FORMULATION OF THE PLAN - IN CASE ASSAULT IS DETERMINED AS THE
FINAL OPTION, IT MUST BE PLANNED TO OCCUR AT A TIME THAT PERMITS
THE ASSAULT TEAM MEMBERS TO TAKE THEIR POSITION WITHOUT
DETECTION AND LIMITS THE HOSTAGE-TAKERS' ABILITY TO RESIST.
PNP'S GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES IN HANDLING HOSTAGE
SITUATIONS
A. FIRST RESPONDERS - THESE REFERS TO THE PERSONNEL RESPONDING
TO HOSTAGE INCIDENTS, AND ARE PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR
MINIMIZING INJURIES, STRATEGICALLY DEPLOYING PERSONNEL,
GATHERING INTELLIGENCE AND INITIATING A HOLDING ACTION
B. INCIDENT COMMANDER (IC) - THERE SHALL BE ONLY ONE IC HOLDING
AT LEAST A SENIOR RANK AND/OR ONE WITH EXPERIENCE IN
HOSTAGE/CRISIS SITUATIONS OR RELATIVE TRAINING.
 IC'S THREE COURSES OF ACTION
1. NEGOTIATE SITUATION MUST BE STABILIZED FIRST
BEFORE THE START OF THE NEGOTIATION.
2. ARREST EFFECT THE ARREST OF THE HOSTAGE-TAKER
WHEN THE SITUATION WARRANTS
3. TACTICAL ASSAULT IT MAY BE RESORTED TO IF THE
HOSTAGE-TAKER POSES IMMINENT DANGER OF
CAUSING DEATH OR INJURY TO THE NEGOTIATOR OR
HOSTAGE
C. HOSTAGE NEGOTIATION TEAM (HNT)
NEGOTIATORS SHALL BE DESIGNATED BY IC. NO ONE
SHALL BE ALLOWED TO TALK TO THE HOSTAGE-TAKER
WITHOUT CLEARANCE FROM THE NEGOTIATOR OR IC. THE
HNT IS DIRECTLY UNDER THE CONTROL AND SUPERVISION
OF THE IC. THE HNT CONSISTS OF THE TEAM
LEADER/COORDINATOR, PRIMARY NEGOTIATOR,
SECONDARY NEGOTIATOR
D. ASSAULT TEAM AN ASSAULT TEAM SHALL BE ALERTED FOR
DEPLOYMENT IN CASE THE NEGOTIATION FAILS.
E. CROWD CONTROL A CROWD CONTROL TEAM SHALL BE
DEPLOYED TO MANAGE AND CONTROL THE CROWD
F. SUPPORT PERSONNEL SUPPORT PERSONNEL SHALL
INCLUDE THOSE IN CHARGE OF MANAGING TRAFFIC,
FIREFIGHTING, PROVIDING MEDICAL EMERGENCY ASSIST
ASSISTANCE, CRIME SCENE PROCESSING AND RESCUE
G. POST HOSTAGE TAKING INCIDENT CLEAR AND SECURE
THE CRIME SCENE TO AVOID CONTAMINATION OF EVIDENCE,
EVACUATE HOSTAGES/ INJURED PERSON, CONDUCT CSI, TAKE
SWORN STATEMENT OF WITNESSES, HOSTAGE TAKER,
 HOSTAGE NEGOTIATION AND RECOVERY
A NEGOTIATION APPROACH IS A SYSTEMATIC PROCESS
OF STARTING TO WORK ON A TASK OF NEGOTIATING AND
DEALING WITH HOSTAGE-TAKERS, IN WHICH THE PRIMARY
CONSIDERATION ARE THE ARRANGEMENTS OF TERMS AND
CONDITIONS BETWEEN THE AUTHORITIES AND THE
SUSPECTS.
NEGOTIATION IS A PROCESS IN WHICH TWO OR MORE
PERSONS, GROUPS OR ENTITIES WITH CONFLICTING
INTERESTS VOLUNTARILY ENGAGE IN A DIALOGUE OR
DISCUSSION IN ORDER TO ARRIVE AT AN AGREEMENT THAT
POWER IS DEFINED AS AN INDIVIDUAL'S ABILITY TO GET
THINGS DONE BY INFLUENCING PEOPLE OTHER PEOPLE.
EIGHT SOURCES OF POWER IN A NEGOTIATION PROCESS
1. INFORMATION THIS REFERS TO THE PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
OF THE OTHER SIDE'S INTERESTS AND EXPECTATION
2. TIME - TIME PRESSURE ON THE OTHER PARTY CREATES
AN ADVANTAGE TO THE NEGOTIATOR SINCE HE/SHE IS
GIVEN MORE TIME TO STUDY THE SITUATION
3. LESS NEED A PARTY IS IN A WEAKER POSITION IF HE/SHE HAS A
GREATER NEED TO DO BUSINESS THAN THE OTHER PLAYERS IN THE
PROCESS.
4. CREDIBILITY THE NEGOTIATOR'S BACKGROUND MUST BE
CLEARLY STATED TO CREATE AN IMPRESSION HE/SHE IS
TRUSTWORTHY TO HANDLE AND RESOLVE THE ISSUES INVOLVED
5. WILLINGNESS TO TAKE RISKS IT REFERS TO THE POWER AT THE
NEGOTIATING TABLE. THIS OCCURS WHEN THE NEGOTIATOR IS
PREPARED TO TAKE CALCULATED AND INTELLIGENT RISKS
6. COMMITMENT - DEDICATION AND SUPPORT BY ALL MEMBERS OF
THE NEGOTIATING TEAM SPELL SUCCESS
7. EXPERTISE - A NEGOTIATOR WHO IS WIDELY-RECOGNIZED AS AN
8. EMPATHY - EMPATHY WITH THE OTHER PARTY GIVES GREATER
INSIGHTS INTO THEIR PERSONAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
ORGANIZATIONAL NEEDS

HOSTAGE CRISIS NEGOTATION

• THE PRIMARY CONCERN FOR EVERY NEGOTIATION SHOULD
ALWAYS BE FOR THE SAFE RELEASE OF THE HOSTAGES AND
SAFE SURRENDER OF THE HOSTAGE-TAKER OR ARREST THE
PERPETRATORS.
 OBJECTIVES OF NEGOTIATION
1. THE SAFE RELEASE OF THE HOSTAGE
2. THE SAFE HAND OVER OF THE PERPETRATORS
3. ARREST OF THE PERPETRATORS
4. MINIMIZE HARM TO BOTH THE HOSTAGE AND THE
HOSTAGE-TAKER
5. MINIMIZE DAMAGE TO PROPERTIES
 QUALITIES OF NEGOTIATORS
1. COMMUNICATION - NEGOTIATORS ABLE TO SPEAK CLEARLY AND
CONCISELY. HE/SHE MUST BE ABLE TO MAKE PEOPLE FEEL
CONFIDENT IN OPENING UP IN CONVERSATION.
2. COGNITIVE SKILLS - THE NEGOTIATOR MUST BE LOGICAL,
RATIONAL, AND HAVE THE ABILITY TO PROBE MOTIVES AND
IDENTIFY CRITICAL ISSUES.
3. RELATIONSHIP WITH PEOPLE - THE NEGOTIATOR MUST BE ABLE TO
WORK COOPERATIVELY AS PART OF A TEAM, CONSULTING,
LISTENING, REFERRING
4. PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE - THE NEGOTIATOR SHOULD HAVE A
SOUND OPERATIONAL BACKGROUND AND BREADTH OF EXPERIENCE.
5. PERSONAL QUALITIES -THE NEGOTIATOR SHOULD HAVE GOOD
 THE CRISIS NEGOTIATING TEAM
THE CRISIS NEGOTIATING TEAM (CNT), ALSO CALLED THE
CRISIS MANAGEMENT TEAM (CMT), PROVIDES VERBAL AND
TACTICAL SUPPORT TO THE SWAT TEAM, AND IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR CONTROLLING A BARRICADED SUSPECT
OR HOSTAGE SITUATION.
3 KEY OBEJECTIVES OF CNT
1. SAFETY FOR ALL PEOPLE INVOLVED
2. SAFE RELEASE OR RESCUE OF THE HOSTAGE
3. APPREHENSION AND PROSECUTION OF THE HOSTAGE-
 HOSTAGE-TAKER'S DEMANDS
DEMANDS CAN BE THREATS TO THE NEGOTIATION
PROCESS OR IT MAY BE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR THE
NEGOTIATOR.
TYPES OF DEMANDS
1. NEGOTIABLE DEMANDS
• FOODS, CIGARETTES, DRINKS, ALCOHOL,
TRANSPORTATION, MEDIA COVERAGE, FREEDOM
2. NON-NEGOTIABLE DEMANDS
• WEAPONS/AMMUNITION, DRUGS, RELEASE OF PRISONERS,
 GUIDELINES IN HANDLING DEMANDS
• DO NOT SEEK OR ASK FOR THEM;
• DO NOT IGNORE THEM. LIST THEM DOWN AND FORGET
ABOUT THESE DEMANDS;
• DO NOT SAY "YES OR NO" TO THEM. TELL THE HOSTAGE-
TAKERS THAT YOU HAVE TO DISCUSS EVERYTHING FIRST
WITH THE INCIDENT/ON- SCENE COMMANDER;
• DO NOT MISUNDERSTAND THEM. YOU MIGHT ADD TO THE
COMPLICATION IF YOU MISINTERPRETED THESE
• DO NOT CALL THEM "DEMANDS". ONCE YOU AGREE TO
SOME OF THESE DEMANDS, THE HOSTAGE-TAKER MIGHT
ASK FOR ANOTHER AND YOU MAY NOT BE ABLE TO GIVE
IT TO THEM;
• LISTEN TO ANYTHING AND DO NOT GIVE ANYTHING
AWAY;
• DO NOT MAKE ANY OFFER WITHOUT REASON;
• DO NOT MAKE OFFERS OUTSIDE YOUR CONTROL. YOU
MAY NOT BE ABLE TO FULFILL THIS AND IT WILL
DESTROY THE RAPPORT YOU HAVE BUILT UP;
• DO NOT DISMISS DEMANDS AS TRIVIAL, WHO KNOWS
 GROUP 7
• LAGARTO, HANNAH KAYE
• CANAYONG , DEBSON
• MILADO, DAILYN
• FIGURACION, JAMES
• GLORIA, JAYPEE
• CAMISIC, LESTER
• ABOLENCIA, NESLE
• GUBALLO, TERRY
• AMISTOSO, ARJON