10th grade

EULER'S METHOD AND SIMPLE SOLUTIONS

TO FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS
 GROUP 2

220402002 PUTRI SITOMPUL

220402011 ERIDA C PURBA
220402014 DANIEL TOGATOROP
220402016 YOHANA SILITONGA
220402018 MUTIARA ELIZABETH
220402033 YOSUA SIHOMBING
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02
EULER’S METHOD DIRECTION FIELD

03 04
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WITH
DIRECT INTEGRATION SEPARABLE VARIABLES
 01
EULER’S METHOD
 The Taylor’s series states that :

In the Taylor’s series, the value of …… is so small that

it can be is ignored. Hence we get a new formula, which is :

where h is the distance between the two nearest ordinates, so we

can change the formula above into a simpler form, namely :

The method to derive this formula is called Euler's method. The explicit form of the
differential equation is y' = F(x, y) which means that the function y' has two variables and this form
can be solved by Euler's method.
 Example 1
Given that with the initial condition that x = 1, y = 1/4. With Euler's method
find the approximate value of y at x = 2.
Answer:

• Stage I • Stage 2
We have the initial conditions namely x0 From stage 1, we have y0 = and y’0 = . We
= 1 and y0 = . So we can obtain the value of can obtain the value of h, which h = x 1 – x2 = 2
y’0, namely: – 1 so that h = 1 where from the problem we
already know that x = 2.
y’ = We will use Euler's method to obtain the
y’0 = value of y when x = 2, namely:
y’0 = (1)
y’0 =
y1 = + 1()
y1 = 0,75
 So, the approximate value of y at x = 2 is y1 = 0.75

From the graph we can see that the value of y when x = 2 is 1, even though the
result we obtained is 0.75. The difference in value that occurs is due to the neglect of the
value in the Taylor series. The difference will become relatively small if we use a larger
calculation.
Example 2
EXERCISE QUESTION
Find the approximation value of y when x = 4 in the equation
where the initial conditions are x = 3 dan y = 24.
Stage 1 Stage 2
We have initial conditions namely x0 = 3 From stage 1, we have y0 = 84 and y’0 = 11.
dan y0 = 84. So we can obtain the value of y’ 0, We can obtain the value of h, which h = x 1 – x2 =
namely : 4 – 3 so that h = 1 where from the problem we
already know that x = 4.
We will use Euler's method to obtain the
value of y when x = 4, namely:

y1 = 24 + 1()
y1 = 35
So, the approximate value of y at x = 4 is y1 = 35

From the graph we can see that the value of y when x = 4 is 36, even
though the result we obtained is 35. The difference in value that occurs is due to
the neglect of the value in the Taylor series. The difference will become
relatively small if we use a larger calculation.
 02
DIRECTION FIELD
 The direction field is the set of derivatives by all x values of the function . To
understand this, let's review the example in sub-chapter A and how to find the direction
field

1. Differential function
In the differential function we can obtain the The value of y' is the gradian value of a
following set : function at point x. Now, if we describe the
gradient value at point x according to the table,
x y’ then we will get the direction field of the
-3 -1,5 differential function , namely :
-2 -1
-1 -0,5
0 0
1 0,5
2 1
3 1,5
 2. Differential function

In the differential function We describe the gradient value at point x

we can obtain the following set : according to the table, then we will get the
direction field of the differential function,
x y’ namely :
-3 -4-y
-2 -2-y
-1 -y
0 2-y
1 4-y
2 6-y
3 8-y
EXERCISE QUESTION
Draw the direction field of the differential equation
 In the differential function we can obtain We describe the gradient value at point x
the following set : according to the table, then we will get the
x y’ direction field of the differential function,
-4 -3 namely :
-3 -1
-2, 5 0
-1 3
0 5
2 9
4 13
 03
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH
DIRECT INTEGRATION
 If the differential equation can be organized in the form , then the
differential equation can be solved by simple integration.

Example 1 Example 2
EXERCISE QUESTION
Find the general solution of the differential equation and its
particular solution if x = 0 and y = 10.
 General Solution Specific Solution
To get the solution, we input value x = 0 and
y = 10, so we get

This means that the general solution of this

equation is This means that the specific solution of this
equation is

2
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 +𝐶
 04
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WITH
SEPARABLE VARIABLES
 If the differential equation has the form then the differential equation
can be solved by the separate variable method. This method changes the
form of , into a separate variable form, namely :

𝑑𝑦 𝑓 (𝑥 )
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑓 ( 𝑦 )
Example 1 Example 2
EXERCISE QUESTION
Find the general solution of the differential equation
and its particular solution if x = -1 and y = 0.
General Solution Specific Solution
To get the solution, we input value x = 0 and
y = 10, so we get

This means that the general solution of this This means that the specific solution of this
equation is equation is

𝑦=
√ − 40
𝑥 5
+𝐶
 THANK YOU AND
SEE YOU NEXT TIME