GENERAL

EDUCATION
ENGLISH
 UPDATED TOS
UNDER NEW CURRICULUM
Intellectual Competencies
1. Purposive Communication in English
1.1 Use the English language with ease
in effective communication
1.2 Use the English language confidently
for special purposes
PARTS OF
SPEECH
PARTS OF SPEECH

 The building blocks of language

 They function to explain usage of
word in a sentence
1. NOUN

 A word used to name a person,

place, thing, state or quality.
KINDS OF
NOUNS
A. PROPER NOUNS are specific.
Their first letters are capitalized.
Ex.
Jake, Fenilla, Monday, Davao City
B. COMMON NOUNS are general

Ex.
man, student, clinic, teacher, school
C. COLLECTIVE NOUNS name
groups.
Ex.
family, army, flock, choir
D. MASS NOUNS cannot be
counted (uncountable nouns)
Ex.
sugar, salt, flour, feedback,
equipment
E. CONCRETE NOUNS exist in the
physical world.
Ex.
petals, tables, pens, cups
F. ABSTRACT NOUNS refer to
ideas and feelings.
Ex.
Sadness, joy, brilliance
FUNCTIONS
OF NOUNS
A. SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE
(S) the one that is talked about in
the sentence.
Ex.
Maureen expressed her gratitude to her
fans.
B. VOCATIVE (V) indicates that
somebody is being directly
addressed by the speaker.
Ex.
Where is everybody, Maureen?
C. DIRECT OBJECT (DO) the one
that receives the action of the verb.
Answers the question who or what
after the verb.
Ex.
Maureen kicks the ball.
Ex.
1. Jon cuts my hair.
2. Justine punched the bag really
hard.
3. The boy is digging the soil.
D. INDIRECT OBJECT (IO)
answers the question to whom or for
whom
Ex.
Mauleen left Froilan food for the
holidays.
Ex.
1. He gave the girl some cookies.
2. I made him a sandwich.
3. I wrote him a message.
E. SUBJECT NOUN PREDICATE a
word/phrase that refers back to the
subject. Comes after a linking verb.

Ex.
Maureen is the actress.
Ex.
1. Mr. Smith is a doctor.
2. Gina is a lawyer.
3. The winner is John.
F. OBJECT NOUN PREDICATE
comes after a direct object. Refers
back to the object.
Ex.
The group appointed Maureen leader of
the club.
G. OBJECT OF THE
PREPOSITION comes after a
preposition.

Ex.
Maureen correlates love with effort.
H. APPOSITIVE is a noun or noun
phrase that renames another noun
right beside it.
Ex.
Maureen, my sister celebrates her
birthday.
QUIZ
1. I nervously handed my grades to
my father.
a. Subject
b. Direct object
c. Indirect object
d. Object of the preposition
2. This world is a mighty place.

a. Vocative
b. Indirect object
c. Subject
d. Object of the preposition
3. Could you please make grandma a
cup of tea?
a. Appositive
b. Object Noun Predicate
c. Direct Object
d. Indirect object
4. Piolo is an actor.
a. Direct Object
b. Object Noun Predicate
c. Subject Noun Predicate
d. Subject
5. Please take your seat, Ann.

a. Subject
b. Direct Object
c. Vocative
d. Indirect Object
6. Many entered her huge pumpkin in
the fair.
a. Subject
b. Indirect Object
c. Direct Object
d. Object of Preposition
7. I can’t find my shoes.

a. Indirect Object
b. Object of Preposition
c. Direct Object
d. Subject
8. My wife, Hannah, enjoys musical
theater.
a. Appositive
b. Object Noun Predicate
c. Subject Noun Predicate
d. Subject
9. President Obama appointed Paul
Volcker chairman of the new Economic
Recovery Advisory Board.
a. Subject
b. Object Noun Predicate
c. Subject Noun Predicate
d. Appositive
10. He hit that ball right out of the
park.
a. Direct Object
b. Object of Preposition
c. Subject Noun Predicate
d. Indirect Object
2. PRONOUN

 A word used to replace a noun.

 KINDS OF
PRONOUNS
A. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
SUBJECTIVE/ OBJECTIVE POSSESSIVE
NOMINATIVE
SINGULAR
1ST PERSON I me my, mine
2ND PERSON you you your, yours
3RD PERSON he, she, it him, her, it his, her, hers, its
PLURAL
1ST PERSON we us our, ours
2ND PERSON you you your, your
3RD PERSON they them their, theirs
A. NOMINATIVE CASE
1. Pronoun – Action Verb

He and (I , me) sang.

A. NOMINATIVE CASE
2. Be verb - Pronoun

The singer is (he , him).

A. NOMINATIVE CASE
3. Appositive – (Pronoun – Noun)

(He , Him), my friend, is cute.

B. OBJECTIVE CASE
1. Verb - Pronoun

I gave (he, him) a chance.

B. OBJECTIVE CASE
2. Preposition - Pronoun

I smiled at (he, him).

C. POSSESSIVE CASE
The bag is (me, mine, my).
B. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS refer
to an identifiable but not specified
person or thing.
Singular – any, anybody, nobody, anyone, each, everyone,
one, someone, somebody, every, either, neither

Plural – all, some, few, both, several, many

C. REFLEXIVE AND INTENSIVE
PRONOUNS “self pronouns”
myself, yourself, herself, itself, himself
C. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS refers
back to the subject in the
sentence/gives emphasis to the
subject.
Ex.
I owe it to myself.
C. INTENSIVE PRONOUNS used
to emphasize the antecedent
Ex.
I, myself, made that decision.
REFLEXIVE PRONOUN INTENSIVE PRONOUN
I am proud of I, myself, love you.
myself.
QUIZ
1. The Rodriguez brothers offered
the use of (their, there) computer
for my report.
2. The hero of the game is
(he, him).
3. (Her, She) and I made the
project.
4. This gift was given to
(me, I) by my best friend.
5. What impressed mommy
and (I, me) was that person
never gave up amidst the
challenges.
3. VERB

 A content word that denotes an

action, occurrence, or state of
existence.
KINDS OF
VERBS
A. REGULAR VERBS

B. IRREGULAR VERBS
C. LINKING VERBS are used to link
or join the subject with a word in the
predicate which relates to the
subject.
Ex.
He is cute.
C. LINKING VERBS
Other forms: become, seem, look, smell, appear,
feel, taste, sound, remain
How to check if it is a LV and not AV?
Ex.
The food tastes good.

He tastes the food.

D. AUXILIARY VERBS (Helping
verbs) used together with a main
verb.
The most common auxiliary verb is HAVE.
HAS SINGULAR; PRESENT TENSE OF THE VERB
HAVE PLURAL; PRESENT TENSE OF THE VERB
HAD SINGULAR/PLURAL; PAST TENSE OF THE VERB

Auxiliary verb must be followed by a past participle of a verb

I have him.
D. AUXILIARY VERBS (Helping
verbs) used together with a main
verb.
Be verb must be followed by an action word.
Ex.
He is eating.
I had loved him.
We have seen him.
 4. ADJECTIVES used to modify
noun ands and pronouns
DETERMINERS – a, an, the, my, your, etc. COLOR – red, blue, green, etc..

OBSERVATIONS – lovely, boring, nice, etc. ORIGIN – British, American, Mexican, etc.

SIZE – tiny, small, huge, etc. MATERIAL – gold, copper, silk, etc.

SHAPE – round, square, rectangle, etc. QUALIFIER – limiters for compound nouns.

AGE – old, new, ancient, etc.

The lovely tiny square ancient American gold alarm clock.

5. ADVERB modifies a verb, an
adjective or another adverb. It is
generally placed immediately before
or after the word it modifies.
1. Adverb of Time
Ex. See you later.
2. Adverb of Place
Ex. My room is upstairs.
3. Adverb of Manner
Ex. The people are slowly responding to the
call for change.
4. Adverb of degree
Ex. It was quite impressive.
5. Adverb of Frequency
Ex. I sometimes miss you.
6. PREPOSITIONS

 A word expressing the

relationships between a noun,
pronoun, and other elements of a
sentence.
A. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME (at,
on, in)
1. We use at to designate specific
times.
Ex. The program will commence at 8:00 A.M.
 A. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME (at,
on, in)
2. We use on to designate days and dates.
Ex.
Results will be out on Sunday.
Not all understand the significance of the celebration
on June 12th.
 A. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME (at,
on, in)
3. We use in for non-specific times during a
day, a month, a season, or a year.
Ex.
I was conceived in 1992.
The jolliest time happens in December.
 B. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE (at,
on, in)
1. We use at for specific addresses.
Ex. Ruffa papaya lives at Purok 4-E, Balagunan, Sto.
Tomas, France
 B. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE (at,
on, in)
2. We use on to designate names of
streets, avenues, roads, etc.
Ex. I feel cathartic when I am on Boulevard Street.
 B. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE (at,
on, in)
3. We use in for the names of land areas
(towns, countries, states, and continents)
Ex. She dreams of living in Norway.
7. CONJUNCTIONS

 A word used to connect

sentences, clauses, prahses, or
words.
 A. COORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS (FANBOYS)
He wanted to stay, but his heart spoke
otherwise.
Success requires had work and
perseverance.
B. SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS introduce a
subordinate clause.
C. CORRELATIVE
CONJUNCTIONS is a paired
conjunction that links balanced
words, phrases, and clauses.
7. INTERJECTION

 Words that express the feeling or

emotion and functions
independently in a sentence.
SUBJECT – VERB
AGREEMENT
1. Verb with –s is singular. Verb without
–s is plural
1.1 Make the linking verb agree with the real subject.
Ex. Rona’s choices are final.

1.2 “I” takes plural verb and “am”

Ex. I believe in you.
I am yours.
2. In most cases, the collective noun
subjects take singular verbs, but if the
group is viewed as individual members
use a plural verb

Ex. The team wins in the competition. (singular)

The team fight against one another. (plural)
3. Non-count noun subjects take
singular verb.

Ex. Sugar is sweet.

Her feedback is good.
3.1 Mass nouns can only be pluralized
by quantifiers. Nouns such as sugar,
rice, hair, information, and evidence.

Ex. Three sacks of sugar are heavy.

One sack of rice is expensive.
4. Some proper noun subjects that end
in –s take singular verbs.
Ex. news, politics, physics, mathematics, mumps,
measles

Digos is in Davao del Sur.

The news was not fake.
5. Items that have two parts take a
plural verb.
Ex. The scissors are cute.

NOTE: Verb is singular when used with the word “pair”

Ex. My pair of scissors is lost.

6. Plural subject nouns such as a unit of
measurement (distance, weight, time, or
amount of money) that signal one unit
should take a singular verb.

Ex. Four kilometers costs P200 for a taxi ride.

Five years was not an issue when I
waited for him.
7. Basic arithmetical operations take
singular verbs.

Ex. Four times five equals twenty.

8. The indefinite pronouns in the table
below are always singular:
-one words -body words -thing words other
anyone anybody anything each
everyone everybody everything every
someone somebody something many a
no one nobody nothing
one
10. Indefinite pronouns such as:
NONE, ALL, MOST, ANY, SOME, A
LOT (NAMASA) can be singular or
plural.
Ex. Some of the boys are my friends.
Some of the food tastes strange.
11. With fractions, percentages, and
the quantifiers all of, a lot of, verb
agreement depends on the noun
coming after these phrases.
Ex. One-half of information is relevant.
Ten percent of the cats are cute.
12. In pairing subjects and verbs
regardless of prepositional phrase or
clauses that are sometimes placed in
between the subject and verb.
Ex. The color of his eyes is blue.
The owners of the malls are here.
13. The expression “the number” used
as a subject takes a singular verb. “A
number” used as a subject takes a
plural verb.
Ex. The number of students coming is decreasing.
A number of students are taking the test.
14. With correlative subjects either …
or or neither… nor, the verb agrees
with the closest subject (rule of
proximity)
Ex. Either Jake or my friends are cute.
Neither my friends nor Jake is eating here.
15. With there/here subjects, the verb
is singular or plural depending on
whether the noun phrase following the
verb is singular or plural.
Ex. Here come my friends.
There is one person in my heart.
16. When the subjects joined by “and”
and refer to a single unit, it takes a
singular verb.
Ex. Bread and butter is a common breakfast for
Americans.
The secretary and treasurer is here.
 16.1 Compound subjects joined by
“and” and referring to separate
entities , should take a plural verb.

Ex. Minda and Linda are my best friends.

The secretary and the treasurer are here.
17. Subjects followed by intervening
expressions such as: in addition, in
company with, together with, as well as,
etc. should take verbs that agree with real
subjects.
Ex. The student, together with his classmates, studies
the lesson well.
Karl, together with Jen, has gone to Palawan.
18. Adjectives used as nouns are
considered plural.

Ex. The rich are popular.

The needy are to be given shelter.
THE AGREEMENT OF
PRONOUNS AND
ANTECEDENT
 1. Personal pronouns (he, she, it, they, his,
her, its, their) agree in gender and number
with the nouns they refer.

Ex. Mr. Dela Cruz discusses the topic to his students.

 2. Two or more singular antecedents joined
by “or” or “nor” require a singular pronoun.

Ex. Either Isabelle or Jake will deliver his piece

tomorrow.
Neither the Karl nor the Marc will tackle his issue.
3. For collective nouns, the pronouns may be singular or
plural according to whether the nouns are taken as a unit
or as an individuals composing the whole. If the collective
noun is taken as a unit, the pronoun is singular. If the
individuals are thought separately, the pronoun must be
plural.

Ex. The class donated its funds to Bantay Bata Foundation.

The class argued their issues among themselves.
4. Who, whose, whom – refer to person(s)
Which – refer to animal(s) or thing(s)
What – refer to things only

Ex. I am one of the students who fought against hunger.

5. When each, every, ether, neither, someone, somebody,
any one, anybody, everyone, everybody, no one are used
as antecedents, the pronouns referring to them are
singular. When the antecedent is either masculine or
feminine, the pronoun must be masculine.

Ex. Everyone is required to speak his mind.

Somebody forgot his manners at home.
 6. When two or more antecedent are joined
by “and” the pronoun must be plural.

Ex. Minda and Linda brought their A-games to the

competition.
QUIZ
1. One gallon of milk ___ four
dollars.

a. cost
b. costs
2. The price of these jeans ___
reasonable.

a. is
b. are
3. Neither his father nor his mother
___ mahjong.

a. play
b. plays
4. The boss, as well as his
colleagues, ___ been robbed by
the robber.

a. have
b. has
5. The poor ___ suffering.

a. are
b. is
6. One of the books ___ been
missing.

a. have
b. has
7. Fifty miles ___ a long distance.

a. are
b. is
8. None of my friends ___ there.

a. was
b. were
9. The famous singer and
composer ___ arrived.

a. have
b. has
10. Many a student ___ made the
same mistake.

a. have
b. has
BOARD EXAM
ACTUAL
QUESTIONS
“Thirty days have September, April, June, and November. All
the rest have thirty one. Except February which alone has
twenty-eight”. This nursery rhyme provides the memory cue on
the number of days in each month of the year. This memory
aid is called_____.

a. Mnemonics
b. Riddle
c. Acronym
d. Proverb
“The Butcher, the Bake, and the Candlestick
Maker”, is a collection of stories for children written
by ______.
a. Gilda Cordero Fernando
b. Edith Tiempo
c. Paz Marquez Benitez
d. Naty Crame Rogers
In William Shakespeare’s “Merchant of Venice”, Portia, the judge,
said: “The quality of mercy is not strained; it droppeth as the gentle
rain from heaven upon the place beneath… It is twice blesst; it
blesseth him that gives and him that takes. ‘Tis mightier than the
mightiest… and one is likened to God when mercy seasons justice.”
The main thought of the excerpt is that ____
a. mercy is spontaneous and freely given
b. mercy comes from the rain
c. mercy is only for the deserving
d. mercy is limited in extent
The “bang” of the door drowned the “tick-tock” of the
clock; the words in quotation marks are example of
________
a. Simile
b. Onomatopoeia
c. Metaphor
d. Apostrophe
 FIGURE OF SPEECH
SIMILE – as or like
• Her smile is as bright as the sun.
METAPHOR – direct comparison
• To me, her smile is the sun.
PERSONIFICATION – human quality
• The trees are dancing.
IRONY – opposite meaning
• Ohhhh a storm, what a beautiful day.
 FIGURE OF SPEECH
HYPERBOLE – exaggeration
• If you betray me, I will kill you.
METONYMY – representation
• heart (love), suit (business people)
ONOMATOPOEIA – sound
• ding dong, kring kring, wish wosh
SYNECDOCHE – part of a whole
• Wheel (car)
 FIGURE OF SPEECH
OXYMORON – contradictory terms
• perfectly imperfect
EUPHEMISM - mild substitute
• pass away (die)
APOSTROPHE – speaking to an inanimate object
• I’m sorry, Wilson.
The versatile writer, publisher, and cultural icon of
modern times was ________

a. Gilda Cordero Fernando

b. Teodora Alonzo
c. Gabriela Silang
d. Paz Marquez Benitez
The APOCALYPTIC lecture on the “west valley fault
line” warns of serious natural disaster in case of a
“big earthquake”. The capitalized word means
________
a. attractive
b. careless
c. encouraging
d. prophetic
“Red Letter Day” is _________

a. Figure of Speech
b. Idiomatic Expression
c. Poetry
d. exclamation
What figure of speech is the following?
“Lucy is violet by a mossy stone, half hidden from
the eye… fair as a star when only one is shining in
the sky.”
a. Irony
b. Metaphor
c. Simile
d. Hyperbole
The Elizabeth Period in English Literature produced
enduring literacy pieces the most famous of which
were written by _____

a. Shakespeare
b. Tolstoy
c. Longfellow
d. Tagore
Leche flan on ice cream _______ my all-time
favourite dessert.

a. is
b. were
c. shall be
d. are
The witness showed admirable “equanimity” in his
statements before the investigation committee
members who were impressed by his _____

a. indifference
b. pretension
c. nervousness
d. composure
What figure of speech is the following?
“He is the black sheep of the family.”

a. metaphor
b. irony
c. simile
d. hyperbole
I was assigned Chairman of Reception, and the
Committee directed me escort the special guests
______
a. themselves
b. yourself
c. myself
d. ourselves
‘How do I love thee, let me count the ways” is the
first line of a famous love sonnet written by _______

a. Jane Austen
b. J.K. Rowling
c. Elizabeth Browning
d. Emilie Bronte
Dante Alighiere’s long poem which contains vivid
description of hell, purgatory and paradise was
entitled ____________.
a. Dr. Faustus
b. Romeo and Juliet
c. Divine Comedy
d. Phantom of the Opera
The collection of stories and folk tales in Arabian
setting which has endured the ages and continues
to entertain the young and old alike through various
media is entitled ______.
a. The Magic Carpet
b. Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves
c. One Thousand and One Nights
d. The Price of Persia
He was able to free himself from his captors
unscathed.

a. Without any obstacle

b. Without any difficulty
c. Without any noise
d. Without suffering any injury, damage, or harm
Her penchant for stylish clothes combined with her
love for acting earned her a role in a Broadway
musical.

a. hunger
b. interest
c. appetite
d. fondness
Mary Ann Evans, known by her pen name
George Eliot, wrote this novel.

a. To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee

b. The Great Gatsby Scott Fitzgerald
c. Silas Marner
d. Don Quixote Miguel De cervantes
Who is the author of modern
communication?
a. Aristotle
b. Alexander Graham Bell
c. Cicero
d. Sophocles
Who is the father of purposive
communication?
a. Aristotle
b. Alexander Graham Bell
c. Cicero
d. Sophocles
 COMMUNICATION MODELS
LASSWELL’S MODEL – CHANNEL (MASS MEDIA)
BERLO’S MODEL – EMOTION
ARISTOTLE’S MODEL – PUBLIC SPEAKING (ONE
WAY)
SHANNON AND WEAVER’S MODEL - NOISE
Ericka won as the new student government
president. She is going to deliver a thank you
speech in front of her schoolmates. Which model of
communication should she consider?
a. Lasswell’s Model
b. Berlo’s Model
c. Aristotle’s Model
d. Shannon and Weaver’s Model
JC failed the board because he was distracted by
his breakup with his girlfriend. Katie tried to comfort
him with a hug and a pat on the back. This
nonverbal communication is called ______.
a. kinesics Facial movement, movement of body
b. proxemics Space/distance
c. haptics Touch
d. chronemics Time
What is the best oral communication activity
to test one’s skillsnonlexical
in paralanguage?
component of communication
a. Short films
b. Declamation
c. Speech writing
d. Poetry writing
The student leaders are _____ in the lobby.

a. altogether
b. alltogether
c. together all
d. all together
Those concepts are _______ confusing.

a. altogether
b. alltogether
c. together all
d. all together
The SWOT analysis is BEST used in _____.

a. medicine
b. business
c. education
d. journalism
It is a symbolic fictional account that conveys
meaning beyond literal.

a. fiction
b. allegory
c. apostrophe
d. figurative meaning
O Captain! My captain! Is an example of
______.

a. metonymy
b. synecdoche
c. apostrophe
d. onomatopoeia
Which is NOT one of the 7Cs of
Communication? • Correctness
• Clarity
a. conciseness
• Conciseness
b. courtesy
• Completeness
c. concreteness
• Consideration
d. conduciveness
• Concreteness
• Courtesy
_____ this form so you could be registered to
take the LET.

a. Fill up
b. Fill out
c. Fill
d. Filling
Sick, which means “very cool”, is an example
of ______.

a. Jargon Language exclusive to a certain field

b. Colloquialism everyday word
c. Slang Changing the meaning of the word in an
informal way
d. Regional dialect
Your shoelaces are _____ (not tight).

a. loosen
b. lose
c. Lost
d. loose
Memory, all alone in the moonlight
I can dream of the old days, life was beautiful then.
I remember, the time I knew that happiness was.
Let the memory live again.
a. loneliness
b. sadness
c. nostalgia
d. hope
He did okay in the Olympics. He got the gold medal.
Which of the following correctly describes the
sentence?
You saying something to downplay
a. It is a euphemism some words not to offend.
b. It is an understatement
c. It is sarcastic
d. It is hyperbolic.
In which sentence is the word “well” used correctly?

a. The book is well.

b. He dances well in front of an audience.
c. Having a dog is well.
d. It is well to study for the board.
QUIZ
“Thirty days have September, April, June, and November. All
the rest have thirty one. Except February which alone has
twenty-eight”. This nursery rhyme provides the memory cue on
the number of days in each month of the year. This memory
aid is called_____.

a. Mnemonics
b. Riddle
c. Acronym
d. Proverb
The versatile writer, publisher, and cultural icon of
modern times was ________

a. Gilda Cordero Fernando

b. Teodora Alonzo
c. Gabriela Silang
d. Paz Marquez Benitez
What figure of speech is the following?
“Lucy is violet by a mossy stone, half hidden from
the eye… fair as a star when only one is shining in
the sky.”
a. Irony
b. Metaphor
c. Simile
d. Hyperbole
Leche flan on ice cream _______ my all-time
favourite dessert.

a. is
b. were
c. shall be
d. are
What figure of speech is the following?
“He is the black sheep of the family.”

a. metaphor
b. irony
c. simile
d. hyperbole
I was assigned Chairman of Reception, and the
Committee directed me escort the special guests
______
a. themselves
b. yourself
c. myself
d. ourselves
The collection of stories and folk tales in Arabian
setting which has endured the ages and continues
to entertain the young and old alike through various
media is entitled ______.
a. The Magic Carpet
b. Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves
c. One Thousand and One Nights
d. The Price of Persia
Her penchant for stylish clothes combined with her
love for acting earned her a role in a Broadway
musical.

a. hunger
b. interest
c. appetite
d. fondness
Mary Ann Evans, known by her pen name
George Eliot, wrote this novel.

a. To Kill a Mockingbird
b. The Great Gatsby
c. Silas Marner
d. Don Quixote
Ericka won as the new student government
president. She is going to deliver a thank you
speech in front of her schoolmates. Which model of
communication should she consider?
a. Lasswell’s Model
b. Berlo’s Model
c. Aristotle’s Model
d. Shannon and Weaver’s Model
JC failed the board because he was distracted by
his breakup with his girlfriend. Katie tried to comfort
him with a hug and a pat on the back. This
nonverbal communication is called ______.
a. kinesics
b. proxemics
c. haptics
d. chronemics
Those concepts are _______ confusing.

a. altogether
b. alltogether
c. together all
d. all together
It is a symbolic fictional account that conveys
meaning beyond literal.

a. fiction
b. allegory
c. apostrophe
d. figurative meaning
Sick, which means “very cool”, is an example
of ______.

a. Jargon
b. Colloquialism
c. Slang
d. Regional dialect
Your shoelaces are _____ (not tight).

a. loosen
b. lose
c. Lost
d. loose