Defining Globalization Lesson 1

INTRODUCTION
TO
GLOBALIZATION
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION
INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION
• Defined the meaning of globalization
• Explained the various definitions of globalization
• Identified the types, metaphors and scapes of globalization
• Recognized the effects of globalization
GLOBALIZATION
Theodore Levitt, a former professor at
the Harvard Business School credited
with coining the term "globalization" in
his article entitled the Globalization of
Markets.
TEODORE LEVITT
(March 1, 1925 – June 28, 2006) was a German-
born American economist and a professor at the
Harvard Business School. He was editor of the
Harvard Business Review, noted for increasing
the Review's circulation and popularizing the
term globalization. In 1983, he proposed a
definition for corporate purpose: "Rather than
merely making money, it is to create and keep a
customer".
GLOBALIZATION
refers to the existence of free
exchange of goods, services, culture
and people between and among
countries. (International Trade)
GLOBALIZATION
Globalization is a complex Globalization is an

uneven process that
phenomenon that occurs at
affects people
multiple levels. differently.
Globalization
"The expansion and intensification of social

relations and consciousness across world-
time and across world-space.”
MANFRED STEGER
GLOBALIZATION
Mapto “both the

Expansion refers Intensification refers to the
creation of new social networks expansion, stretching, and
and the multiplication of existing acceleration of these networks.
As maps distortsthat
connections the cut
distance and
across Not only are global connections
size of the Earth's surface,
traditional political, economic, multiplying, but they are also
different projections are created.
cultural, and geographical becoming more closely-knit and
boundaries.“ expanding their reach.
Zygmunt Bauman
(2003)
Globalization is a very
important change, if not,
the“most important”
Martin Albrow (1996)
The reality and

omnipresence of
globalization makes us see
ourselves as part of what
we refer to as "global age".
Dr Nayef Al-Rodhan
…This resulted in different,

sometimes contradicting views
about the concept. it cannot be
contained within a specific time
frame, all people and all
situations
Globalization
Globalization encompasses a multitude of

processes that involves the economy, political
systems, and culture. Social structures,
therefore, are directly affected by
globalization.
Tomas Larsson
Globalization “is the process of world

shrinkage, of distances getting shorter,
things moving closer. It pertains to the
increasing ease with which somebody on
one side of the world can interact, to mutual
benefit, with somebody on the other side of
the world
Martin Khor
Globalization as
colonization.
George Ritzer
Globalization is a transplanetary process or a
set of processes involving increasing liquidity
and the growing multidirectional flows of
people, objects, places and information as well
as the structures they encounter and create that
are barriers to, or expedite, those flows…”
CLASSIFICATION OF THE DEFINITION
OF GLOBALIZATION
OF GLOBALIZATION
• Cover variety of issues but vague
• …globalization means the onset of borderless world..

• (Kenichi Ohmae, 1992)
BROAD AND INCLUSIVE.

OF GLOBALIZATION
• Better justified but limiting to only particular definitions
• “the characteristics of the globalization include the internationalizing of

production, the new international division of labor, new migratory movements
from South to North… making states into agencies of the globalizing world” -
Robert Cox
NARROW AND EXCLUSIVE.

METAPHORS OF GLOBALIZATION
• Takes the shape of its container

Barriers that prevent/ makes • Increasing ease of movement of
movement difficult people, things, information
• Not fixed
SOLID LIQUID
Movement of people,
things, places..
FLOW
TYPES OF GLOBALIZATION
TYPES OF GLOBALIZATION: ACTIVITY
WRITTEN ACTIVITY 02: UNSCRAMBLE THE LETTERS TO UNLOCK A
WORD.
1. ROAORNYCPMET 6. MCOOYNE
2. ODLRW 7. AINCENF
3. TBGIAIOZNALLO 8. CONHTGLEOY
4. POCSLITI 9. LCTRUUE
5. IOSALC 10. ENMIETONVRN

TYPES OF
GLOBALIZATION
POLITICAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC FINANCIAL
GLOBALIZA GLOBALIZA GLOBALIZA GLOBALIZA
TION TION TION TION
TECHNOLO CULTURAL ECOLOGICA

GICAL GLOBALIZA L
GLOBALIZA TION GLOBALIZA
TION TION
Political Globalization
- refers to the diplomatic negotiations

between nation-states. It includes the
standardization of global rules around
trade, criminality, and the rule of law.
Social Globalization
- refers to the integration of societies of the

world
- refers to the idea that we now live in a

shared society
-Another aspect of social globalization is

the movement of people.
Economic Globalization
• process in which businesses, organizations, and

countries begin operating on an international
scale.
• concerned with globalization of production of

goods and services, markets, organizational
regimes, institutions, corporations and labor.
Technological
Globalization
• refers to the spread of

technology around the world.
Financial Globalization
• refers to the ease at which money can be

spread around the world.
• monetary transactions, investments, financial

markets, banking, loans, savings,
Cultural Globalization
• refers to the spread and mixing of cultures

around the world.
• the spread of the culture, customs, or ideas of a

place or a people to the rest of the world.
Ecological Globalization
• refers to the idea that the world needs to be

considered one interconnected ecosystem.
• deforestation, pollution, or climate change

FIVE SCAPES OF
GLOBALIZATION
Arjun Appadurai
• Conceptualized the five scapes of globalization
• Appadurai's concept highlights that globalization is

not only about the movement of goods and services
but also involves the dynamic interaction of people,
ideas, technologies, finances, and cultural
expressions on a global scale.
FIVE SCAPES OF
GLOBALIZATION
• ethnoscape
• technoscape
• ideoscape
• financescape
• mediascape
ETHNOSCAPE
refers to the flow/movement of people

across boundaries
TECHNOSCAPE
refers to the way technologies help
speed up cross-border movements.
IDEOSCAPE
refers to the ideas, symbols and

narratives that have spread around the
globe.
FINANCESCAPE
refers to the rapid movement of

money across borders.
MEDIASCAPE
Refers to the global flow of media

images, news, and entertainment.
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
Globalization has various aspects which affect the

world in several different ways such as:
INDUSTRIAL
emergence of worldwide
production markets and broader
access to a range of foreign
products for consumers and
companies. Particularly
movement of material and goods
between and within national
boundaries
FINANCIAL
emergence of worldwide
financial markets and better
access to external financing
for borrowers; emergence of
under or un-regulated
foreign exchange and
speculative markets
ECONOMIC
realization of a global
common market, based on
the freedom of exchange of
goods and capital
POLITICAL
Some use “globalization” to mean the
creation of the world government, or
cartels of governments (e.g. WTO,
World Bank, and IMF) which regulate
the relationships among governments
and guarantees the rights arising from
social and economic globalization
Competition
Survival in the new global
business market calls for
improved productivity and
increased competition
ECOLOGICAL
• Climate change
• cross-boundary water
• air pollution
• over-fishing of the ocean
• spread of invasive species
SOCIAL
• International cultural exchange
• Increased circulation by people of all
nations with fewer restrictions
• Spreading of multiculturalism, and
better individual access to cultural
diversity through media
SOCIAL
• Greater international travel and

tourism
• Greater immigration, including
illegal immigration
• Spread local consumer products
to other countries
THANK YOU
ACTIVITY
PERFORMANCE 02
Find and capture 1 example of globalization
in the school. It can be an effect, impact, or
manifestation. Send your output in our group
chat. Kindly write YOUR NAME in the
UPPER RIGHT CORNER of your picture.
NO DUPLICATION OF ANSWERS
RUBRICS
Content - 5
Clarity of Explanation - 5
Presentation -5

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INTRODUCTION

Globalization is a complex Globalization is an

"The expansion and intensification of social

Mapto “both the

The reality and

…This resulted in different,

Globalization encompasses a multitude of

Globalization “is the process of world

• Cover variety of issues but vague

• …globalization means the onset of borderless world..

BROAD AND INCLUSIVE.

• Better justified but limiting to only particular definitions

• “the characteristics of the globalization include the internationalizing of

NARROW AND EXCLUSIVE.

• Takes the shape of its container

5. IOSALC 10. ENMIETONVRN

TECHNOLO CULTURAL ECOLOGICA

- refers to the diplomatic negotiations

- refers to the integration of societies of the

- refers to the idea that we now live in a

-Another aspect of social globalization is

• process in which businesses, organizations, and

• concerned with globalization of production of

• refers to the spread of

• refers to the ease at which money can be

• monetary transactions, investments, financial

• refers to the spread and mixing of cultures

• the spread of the culture, customs, or ideas of a

• refers to the idea that the world needs to be

• deforestation, pollution, or climate change

• Appadurai's concept highlights that globalization is

refers to the flow/movement of people

refers to the ideas, symbols and

refers to the rapid movement of

Refers to the global flow of media

Globalization has various aspects which affect the

• Greater international travel and

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