Effect of Briquetting Process on

Combustion and Emission

Characteristics of Bio-Coal Briquettes
from various biomass wastes
Mid year evaluation presentation

Presented by
Junaid Ahmed CH-20306
Muhammad Waqas CH-20308 Supervisor
Fatima bint-e-Asim Ch-20310 Engr Shehzad Shaikh
Ayesha Parveen CH-20315
PURPOSE

 Consumption of low quality coal and different biomasses

 To improve the combustion characteristics of low quality coal as lignite & sub-
bituminous.
 Reduction in emission by using additive as sulfur retention agents
 Production of affordable clean energy for heating and cooking purpose

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BACKGROUND
Theory

As Pakistan rich in low quality coal & biomasses.

The process of briquetting involves compacting
of waste biomass and coal Improving their
burning quality through densification. It has been
a focal point for researchers over several years.
Among the various methods explored,
briquetting stands out as an efficient and
straightforward approach for densification.

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Coal scenario

Coal Availability in Pakistan

Pakistan is a country rich in coal reserves, with
185175 million tones per year

The main types of coal found in Pakistan are lignite

and sub-bituminous coal They have lower quality
compared to bituminous or anthracite coal

Major coal reservoirs are present in Sindh about

184623m.tons and in Balochistan 217m.tons
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Drawbacks of low quality coal
• The major drawback of low quality coal consumption is the emissions of
harmful and toxic gases like CO2, NOx, and SO2 released by coal combustion

• Significantly increase in, global pollution, and climate change.

• Low- quality coal has low calorific value

• High moisture content & sulfur content.

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 Pakistan generates around 75 million tons of agricultural
Biomasses biomass waste annually.

Wood Processing Forestry-Based Crop Residues

Residues Biomass
Example rice husks,
Example sawdust like tree residues, and
corn stover, and
forest thinning.
wood pallets wheat straw

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Drawbacks of Biomasses

• Burning of biomass releases carbon monoxide carbon dioxide & nitrogen oxides with other
particulate pollutants

• These pollutants can cause negative impact on surrounding environment.

• It is more time consuming & required expensive technology

• Poor combustion properties is due to high moisture & ash content

• Calorific value is very low & insufficient burning time

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SDGS

Affordable & Clean Energy Responsible Consumption &

Production

Climate Action

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 Why Briquetting?
What Is Briquetting?

• Cost Effective
• Eco-Friendly
• Sustainable
• Longer Shelf Life

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Types Of Briquettes

Coal Briquettes Biomass briquettes Bio-coal briquettes

•Non-renewable fossil fuel • Made from renewable organic •Bio-coal briquettes are made
derived from coal. materials like agricultural from agriculture waste and coal
residues or wood waste.
•High energy density. •utilize low grade coal
•Lower energy density compared
•Consistent quality and • environmentally friendly
to coal.
performance.
•Environmentally friendly, •Improved combustion
•Associated with higher carbon characterstics.
reduces greenhouse gas
emissions and environmental emissions.
impact.

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Selection of Coal

 Abundance
We have selected Jhimpir and Lakhra coal since they are

relatively readily available yet are under-utilized

Performance
Sindh coal ranges from sub-bituminous to lignite which

meets the project requirements.

Cost
Cost of Lakhra and Jhimpir coal ranges from PKR 10000-

13000 per ton

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Selection Of B iomass

Abundance
Pakistan being an agricultural country produces an
abundance of biomass wastes annually

Performance
Our literature review helped us to jot down our search to
two such biomasses residues, coconut husk and sawdust
which have the highest heating value

Cost
Since we are using biomass waste they are mostly free of
cost or have a low cost

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Selection of Binder Selection of Additives

Abundance Abundance
Pakistan being an agricultural country produces an
Pakistan being an agricultural country produces an
abundance of biomass wastes annually
abundance of biomass wastes annually

Performance Performance
Our literature review helped us to jot down our search to
Our literature review helped us to jot down our search to
two such biomasses residues, coconut husk and sawdust
two such biomasses residues, coconut husk and sawdust
which have the highest heating value
which have the highest heating value

Cost Cost
Since we are using biomass waste they are mostly free of
Since we are using biomass waste they are mostly free of
cost or have a low cost
cost or have a low cost

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Process Description

Literature Selection of Process

Collecting
review raw material simulation
data

•simulation of process using

•Study different biomass coal •Selection of biomass •Collecting of data from
aspen plus
mixture recent research papers
•Selection of coal
•Find emissions of different
•Different types of binders •And student research papers
•Selection of binders bio-coal briquettes using
and additives
different biomass
•Selection of additives
•Study its combustion
properties

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Process Simulation

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 Material and Energy Balance
Total Units In Out Generated Relative
Difference
FOR
Total:
COAL Mole kmol/hr 0.293498715 0.293498715 -0.038365 0
AND Mass kg/hr 7.68124954 7.68124954 -5.78147E-16
BIOMASS
Enthalpy Gcal/hr -0.0001541 -0.0030710 0.9498170
BAGASSE
Conventional components:
Mass-Flow kg/hr 7.57630586 7.57630586 -5.86155E-16
Mole-Flow kmol/hr 0.293498715 0.255133592 -0.038365 0
Non –Conventional Components:
Mass-Flow kg/hr 0.104943677 0.104943677 0

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 Material and Energy Balance
Total Units In Out Generated Relative
Difference
FOR Total:
COAL Mole kmol/hr 0
AND Mass kg/hr 7.68124954 7.68124954 0
BIOMASS
SAW DUST Enthalpy Gcal/hr -0.0001860 -0.0030830 0.93963818

Conventional components:
Mass-Flow kg/ hr 7.57760401 7.57760401 -0.0378449459 0

Mole-Flow kmol/hr 0
Non –Conventional Components:
Mass-Flow kg/hr 0.103645531 0.103645531 0
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 Material and Energy Balance
Total Units In Out Generated Relative
Difference
FOR Total:
COAL Mole kmol/hr 0.28916185 0.254937 -0.034224 0
AND Mass kg/hr 7.68125 7.68125 0
BIOMASS
Enthalpy Gcal/hr -0.000170 -0.0026865 0.936599
RICE HUSK
Conventional components:
Mass-Flow kg/hr 7.53321 7.533211 0

Mole-Flow kmol/hr 0.289161 0.254937 -0.034224 0

Non –Conventional Components:
Mass-Flow kg/hr 0.148037928 0.148037928 0

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 Project Outcomes

Better Emission Moisture Content

1 Properties Should be less than 10%

Better Combustion Characteristics Sulfur Emissions Should

3 be less than 0.08%
Thank you!
Questions are welcome

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