SPEC 18

Teaching English in the

Elementary Grades through
Literature
Lesson 1.

The English Program

in the K to 12
Curriculum
How is the teaching
of English different
in the K to 12 as
compared in the
previous
curriculum?
*The old curriculum offers a broad and
linear curriculum, it did not include
enough practical applications like the K-
12 does. Starting with Kindergarten as
the foundation for lifelong learning and
development, the 12-year curriculum
aims to give students the journey in
education that they deserve.
 Why K to 12?
 Literature Program in K to 12
 Competencies
 Literature Program in K to 12
• The program prescribes that “after 12 years
of pre-university education, a student
wishing to enter college should be able to:

1. analyze themes, structures, and elements of

myths, narratives and contemporary literature
2. read peom with proper pronunciation
3. recite atleast ten poems from memory
 Competencies

Competency- is an array of knowledge,

skills, and abilities required to successfully
perform a specific task
• Grade 1 to 3

 deal with simple literacy elements of text

such as character, plot, and setitng.
 infer thoughts, feelings, and actions of
characters
 provide an explanation or rationale
behind occurences in the story
• Grade 7 to 10

 recognize literacy divices and figures of

speech that make writing interesting and
appealing
 critique or analyze a text or reading
selection in a way that is structured,
organized, and objective .
• Grade 11 to 12

 identify the geographic, linguistic, and

ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary
history from precolonial to the
contemporary
 identify representative texts and authors
from each region
 value the contributions of local writers
Lesson 2.

Pedagogical
Implications for
Teaching Literature
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this session you’ll be able to:
• discuss pedagogical implications for
teaching literature
• explain children’s literature and some
pedagogical implications;
• innovate ways to teach and learn
literature
What do we mean by pedagogical?

PEDAGOGICAL (adjective) : relating to

teaching, or befitting a teacher or
education.

Example: New teachers will be evaluated

on pedagogical skills such as lesson
planning and classroom management.
✔This lesson will focus on pedagogical
implications and considerations that will
be helpful for teaching literature to
improve the learners’ capacity to
understand, learn from, and above all,
enjoy literary works.
⮚Long (1986) points out that teaching of literature
can be a dull, uninteresting, and boring things to
do unless there is a response or a reaction from
the learners, be it positive or negative, adding
that even a negative response can stir life and
learning in the classroom where learners get the
feel of challenging the teacher’s often predictable
responses.
• WHAT THEN ARE THE
PEDAGOGICAL
IMPLICATIONS FOR
TEACHING LITERATURE?
• Children’s literature, is the product of the figment
of imagination in the writer’s mind borne out of
how one interacts with children and how the
writer makes a construct of childhood.
• Acc. to Laffrado (1995) children’s literature
comprises a wide variety of writing for readers
whose ages range from very young kids (like
toddlers) to adolescents (teensgers) approaching
maturity and adulthood.
Children’s Literature main genres :
❑Picture books-
appeal to the sense
of slight to provide a
delightful visual
experience to the
reader through
pictues to tell a story.
EXAMPLES:
❑Storybooks- tell a
story accompanied
by pictures and
illustrations where
there is more text
than pictures.
EXAMPLES:
❑Traditional literature- refers
to literature or books that are
passed from one generation
to another like folklore,
fables, legends, folktales,
and myths. These are
referred to as alamat in the
Philippine context and are
generally rich in culture of
that place and time.
EXAMPLES:
❑Historical fiction- pertains to
literary text where some facts
in the story can be traced to
real historical events involving
some real historical individuals,
allowing children to take a trip
back in time. Some events in
the story however are a
product of the writer’s
inventiveness, imagination,
and creativity.
EXAMPLES:
❑Modern fantasy- refers
to tales born out of the
writer’s imagination
where fantastic elements
such as talking animals,
and magical beings like
witches and strange
creatures are woven in
the story.
EXAMPLES:
❑Realistic fiction- refers
to made-up stories but
which can be true in real-
life. Children play as the
main characters thereby
allowing children to feel or
go through an experience
as if it were true.
EXAMPLES:
❑Nonfiction or
informational books-
present young leaders
information to help them
develop more knowledge
about the world around
them. They can dwell on
any topic or information
(science, travel, life skills,
new outlook) about life
that would interest young
minds.
EXAMPLES:
✔ Travelogues
✔History ✔ Memoirs- a
✔ Autobiographies historical account
✔ Travel Guides or biography
✔ Academic Text
written from
personal
✔ Biographies knowledge or
special sources
❑Biography- pertains to
the true life story about
another person like
heroes or ordinary
people whose lives may
serve as an inspiration
for children to emulate
and follow
EXAMPLES:
❑Children’s poetry- pertains
to artistic literature that seeks
to bring out the creativity in
children by enabling them to
express their emotions and
stir their imagination through
verses and the interplay of
rhyme, rhythm, and other
literary expressions.
EXAMPLES:
❑Children’s drama- the
elements of a story are
presented through dialogue
and action and makes use of
contumes, props, lighting,
music, and sound. This
literary presentation
develops in children acting
abilities, public speaking
skills, creative thinking, and
social skills among others.
EXAMPLES:
PURPOSE OF LITERATURE
• to entice, motivate, and instruct.
• it opens opportunities for learners to see
new horizons and have an abundance of
fun and delight in reading and learning
literature.
 PURPOSE OF LITERATURE (Norton and Norton,
2010)
• Literature offers limitless benefits for young people.
1. It provides learners the chance to respond accordingly
and appropriately to literature and to cultivate their own
thoughts about the subject matter.
2. Literature makes it possible for students to develop
appreciation of their own culture and others.
3. Literature develops in students emotional strength,
stability, and steadfastness as well as resourcefulness
and ingenuity.
4. Literature promotes social maturity and helps
develop social development.
5. Literature and iys books promote and preserve
a people’s cultural and literary heritage from
generation to generation.
PEDAGOGY

• Pedagogy according to Peel (Pedagogy,

n.d.), is all about the methods a teacher
uses to achieve one’s objectives to
ensure that students are engaged in age-
appropriate learning activities, the
teacher’s expertise in using different
methods.
 • Larcher points out several literature-based
teaching strategies using authors’s original works
to serve as the heart of experiences to help
children develop literacy.

These general strategies include the following:

✔ Scaffold Instruction- students are given a lot of
structures at the beginning, and these structures are
removed little by little until the students are capable of
doing it themselves.
✔ Modeling- while reading or discussing a literary work,
the teacher thinks out loud his thoughts related to the
✔ Cooperate learning- students work together in
small groups and engage in tasks that involve risks
a higher level thinking skills instead of the
conventional question- answer teaching strategy.
✔ Independent Reading- this done to promote
reading, writing, and thinking skills which are the
goals of education
✔ Literary Response- students act is response to
what they read.
There are strategies that teach students text
comprehension like:
• monitoring comprehension
• metacognition
• graphic and semantic organizers
• answering questions and generating
questions
• recognizing story structure
• summarizing
Teachers can also engage in:

• competitive games
• writing activities
• journal entries
• group activities