Selected topics 1

Selected Topics 1
Python

Lecture 1
:Prepared by
MSc. Ahmed M. Elnajeh
© 2023
 What is Python?

.Python is a popular programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum, and released in 1991 🔺

:It is used for 🔻

micro controller applications (micro-python scripting) ✔
,web development (server-side) ✔
,software development ✔
,mathematics ✔
AI (Artificial Intelligence) ✔

?Why Python 🔻

.Python works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, ESP, Arduino, etc) ✔
.Python has a simple syntax similar to the English language ✔
.Python has syntax that allows developers to write programs with fewer lines than some other programming languages ✔

2
 🔻 Installing Python 🔻
:Windows 🔺 :Windows 🔺
Download Python from ✔: Download thonny from ✔:
http://www.python.org https://thonny.org/
.Install Python ✔ .Install thonny.exe ✔
Run Idle from the Start Menu known ✔ .Run thonny icon on Desktop ✔
.as python shell

:Remark ⚠
.you can use python on different IDE’s Like visual studio code ide and pycharm ide ✔
.thonny will be used through out this course ✔

3
 🔻 Interpreted Languages 🔻
interpreted 🔺
Not compiled like Java ✔
Code is written and then directly executed by an interpreter ✔
Type commands into interpreter and see immediate results ✔

:Java Runtime
Code Compiler Computer
Environment

:Python Code Interpreter Computer

4
 The Python Interpreter
Allows you to type commands one-at-a-time and see results 🔺
A great way to explore Python's syntax 🔺
Repeat previous command: Alt+P 🔺

5
 Our First Python Program 🎯
Python does not have a main method like Java 🔺
The program's main code is just written directly in the file 🔺
Python statements do not end with semicolons 🔺

Filename, preferred extension is py

hello.py
1 print("Hello, world!")

User Program

6
 The print Statement 🎨

print("text")
print() (a blank line)
Escape sequences such as \" are the same as in Java
' Strings can also start/end with

swallows.py
1 print("Hello, world!")
2 print()
3 print("Suppose two swallows \"carry\" it together.")
4 print('African or "European" swallows?')

7
 Comments 📝

:Syntax
comment text (one line) #

swallows2.py
1 # Suzy Student, CSE 142, Fall 2097
2 # This program prints important messages.
3 print("Hello, world!")
4 print() # blank line
5 print("Suppose two swallows \"carry\" it together.")
6 print('African or "European" swallows?')

8
 💦 Exercise 💦
:Rewrite the Figures lecture program in Python. Its output
______
\ /
\ /
/ \
/______\
/ \
/______\
+--------+
______
\ /
\ /
| STOP |
/ \
/______\
______
\ /
\ /
+--------+
9
 Types in Python
int
Bounded integers, e.g. 732 or -5
float
Real numbers, e.g. 3.14 or 2.0
long
Long integers with unlimited precision
str
’Strings, e.g. ‘hello’ or ‘C

10
 Basic Operations

:Assignment ⚫
size = 40 ✔
a = b = c = 3 ✔
Numbers ⚫
integer, float ✔
complex numbers: 1j+3, abs(z) ✔
Strings ⚫
'hello world', 'it\'s hot' ✔
"bye world" ✔
"""" continuation via \ or use """ long text ✔

11
 ⛓ String operations ⛓
concatenate with + or neighbors 🔺
'word = 'Help' + 'x ✔
'word = 'Help' 'a ✔
subscripting of strings 🔺
'Hello'[2]  'l' ✔
'slice: 'Hello'[1:3]  'el 🔺
word[-1]  last character ✔
len(word)  5 ✔
.Strings are immutable: cannot assign to subscript or string can not be changed ✔
For example
Word[0] = '!' error will be occurred because string are
.immutable

12
 Lists
Lists can be heterogeneous ⚫
a = ['spam', 'eggs', 100, 1234, 2*2] ✔
:Lists can be indexed and sliced ⚫
a[0]  spam ✔
a[:2]  ['spam', 'eggs'] ✔
Lists can be manipulated ⚫
a[2] = a[2] + 23 ✔
a[0:2] = ['spam', 'eggs'] ✔
][ = a[0:0] ✔
len(a)  5 ✔

13
 Basic programming While loop
a,b = 0, 1

:while b < 10
formatted output, without \n #
print(b)
multiple assignment #
a,b = b, a+b

14
 Control flow: if Statement
x = int(input("Please enter #:"))
:if x < 0
x = 0
print('Negative changed to zero‘)
:elif x == 0
print('Zero‘)
:elif x == 1
print('Single‘)
:else
print('More‘)
no case statement ⬛
:Remark ⚠
Python 3 uses input to read user input as a string (str) ✔
15
 Control flow: for Loop
a = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']
:for x in a
print(x, len(x))
no arithmetic progression, but ◼
range(10)  [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] ◼
:for i in range(len(a)) ◼
print(i, a[i])
do not modify the sequence being iterated over ◼

16
 Loops: break, continue, else

break and continue like C ◼

else after loop exhaustion ◼
:for n in range(2,10)
:for x in range(2,n)
:if n % x == 0
print(n, 'equals', x, '*', n/x)
break
:else
loop fell through without finding a factor #
print(n, 'is prime‘)

17
 Do nothing

pass does nothing ◾

syntactic filler ◾
:while 1
pass

18
 Functions ☂

.Function: Equivalent to a static method in Java ⚫

hello2.py
:Syntax ⚫ 1 # Prints a helpful message.
:)(def name 2
3
def hello():
print("Hello, world!")
statement 4
5 # main (calls hello twice)
statement 6 hello()
7 hello()
...
statement

Must be declared above the 'main' code ✔

Statements inside the function must be indented ✔
19
 Whitespace Significance
}{ Python uses indentation to indicate blocks, instead of ⚫
Makes the code simpler and more readable ✔
.In Java, indenting is optional. In Python, you must indent ✔

hello3.py
1 # Prints a helpful message.
2 def hello():
3 print("Hello, world!")
4 print("How are you?")
5
6 # main (calls hello twice)
7 hello()
8 hello()

20
 Thanks ⌛

Trust your self

Believe in your self