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ML Unit 3 Part 2

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26 views8 pages

ML Unit 3 Part 2

Uploaded by

jkdprince3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CLASSIFICATION

MODEL
Introduction
● When we are trying to predict a categorical or nominal variable, then
problem is known as a classification problem.
● A classification problem is one where the output variable is a
category such as ‘red’ or ‘blue’ or ‘malignant tumour’ or ‘benign
tumour’, etc
● Where as when we are trying to predict a numerical variable such as
‘price’, ‘weight’, etc. the problem falls under the category of
regression.

Classification Problem: the whole problem centres around assigning a


label or category or class to a test data on the basis of the label or
category or class information that is imparted by the training data.
● And objective is to assign a class label, we call this type of problem
as a classification problem
● A classification model is obtained from the labelled training data by a
classifier algorithm.
● On the basis of the model, a class label (e.g. ‘Intel’ as in the case of the
test data referred in Fig) is assigned to the test data.
● Classification is a type of supervised learning where a target feature,
which is of categorical type, is predicted for test data on the basis of the
information imparted by the training data.
● The target categorical feature is known as class .
● Some typical classification problems include the following:
 Image classification
 Disease prediction
 Win–loss prediction of games
 Prediction of natural calamity such as earthquake, flood, etc.
 Handwriting recognition
CLASSIFICATION LEARNING STEPS
● First, there is a problem which is to be solved, and then, the required
data is evaluated and pre-processed based on the algorithm.
● Algorithm selection is a critical point in supervised learning.
● The result after iterative training rounds is a classifier for the problem
 Problem Identification: Identifying the problem is the first
step in the supervised learning model. The problem needs to be a
well-formed problem.
 Identification of Required Data: On the basis of the problem
identified above, the required data set that precisely represents the
identified problem needs to be identified/evaluated
● Data Pre-processing: This is related to the cleaning/transforming the
data set. This step ensures that all the unnecessary/irrelevant data
elements are removed.
● Definition of Training Data Set: Before starting the analysis, the user
should decide what kind of data set is to be used as a training set.
● Algorithm Selection: This involves determining the structure of the
learning function and the corresponding learning algorithm.
● Training: The learning algorithm identified in the previous
step is run on the gathered training set for further fine tuning.
● Evaluation with the Test Data Set: Training data is run on the
algorithm, and its performance is measured here.
COMMON CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMS
● Let us now delve into some common classification algorithms.

1. k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN)


2. Decision tree
3. Random forest
4. Support Vector Machine (SVM)
5. Naïve Bayes classifier

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