Lesson 9 Planning For Instruction - Schemes, Lesson Plan Records of Work

Planning for instruction
Introduction
 A successful teacher must make simple that which is complex and clouded.
 A teacher must be an inspiration to his students as well as be able to plan, organize and present
any type of lesson to a class of young people.
 Here we look at the rationale and format for daily lesson plans and schemes of work in
mathematics.
 Planning is about balance, pace, sequence, depth, breadth, skills and processes.
 Time available for instruction provides a constraint to learning.
 Consequently, planning enables teachers’ to progress from one activity to the next based on their
judgment of whether a sufficient number of learners have gained the desired depth of
understanding of the material.
 It is also based on their view of the materials left to be studied in time remaining in the school
year. It enables teacher in sequencing a combination of classroom activities and mathematics.
Objectives
 Make a mathematics scheme of work for two weeks.

 Write a lesson plan for a variety of teaching methods.
Scheme of Work
 A scheme of work is a series of related learning experiences build around one central topic or problem
area. It is a detailed work plan made in advance for teaching/ learning of the subject content for a given
period of time. It forecasts the parts of the syllabus, which will be covered in each lesson, and how they
would be presented
The following are reasons for scheming in mathematics:
 To make logical ordering of the coverage of the topics/ subtopics.
 To allocate learning time for each item of the content and assessment.
 To state the depth and scope of treatment of each topic.
 To specify the skills and concepts to be learned.
 To outline teaching/ learning activities.
 To specify the teaching/ learning resources.
The following are points to consider when scheming:
 Content; using the topics and subtopics from the syllabus, derive the scope and depth of
covering a given topic and choose suitable teaching / learning methods and strategies.
 Learners’ needs: Using the general objectives determines the academic level of student and
what the learner already knows. This will assist in determining the learning activities to be
used. These activities can be cognitive, affective or psychomotor.
 Time available: Consider the number of lessons per week, number of teaching weeks per
term and the whole year. Time available will influence the types of activities that may be
used to illustrate a given concept.
 Teaching and learning resources: Consider planning for resources that are available
in school and improvising where necessary. It is important to observe an experienced
teacher as part of your learning resources, examine several course outlines and textbooks
The components of a scheme of work are as follows:
 Objective- Must be behavioral even as we embrace constructivism, learning needs to be

measured to assist in teacher’s progress.
 Content- Scope of content to be outlined, the syllabus should be consulted at all times as
textbooks may not reflect expected level of content scope.
 Learning activities or student activities, based on implementing objectives, it is
important for teachers to think of activities that support learning. Activities could
cognitive, psychomotor, affective or a combination of all.
 Resources and materials-- care should be taken when choosing resources. Only essential
resources should be used
 Evaluation/ remarks -feedback for teacher is important for future planning.
 The format of the scheme is in two parts, the administrative section and the main frame of
activities.
 Administrative issues are very important for they describe the location of activity. These
include school, class/form, term and year. Every class must have its own scheme even if it
is the same form to cater for individual differences.
 In essence the main frame has 4 columns as shown below. Each week is separated to show
detail of lesson activities. Senior classes in secondary school have seven lessons per week
while the junior classes have six lessons. It is important to have a projective scheme for a
term at a time. Although schemes give a good estimate of expected pace of coverage,
flexibility is important and whenever necessary, change may occur which should be
reflected in the remarks column.
.
THE DAILY LESSON PLAN FOR MATHEMATICS
 Every detail of your classroom activities should be planned. There are various lesson plan
formats for different lessons.
 Lessons plans for exposition lessons, revision lessons, practical lessons, open approach
lessons emphasis different activities for students.
 A lesson plan is a professional tool for reflective teaching.
 A lesson plan is a document that translates the goals and content of course of instruction
into an operational plan. It outlines the flow of the lesson specifying the methods and
activities to be carried out in order to achieve the objectives.
• Teachers are responsible daily for selecting and designing subject matter and suitable
learning experiences in order to provide optimal learning opportunities.
• They are expected to account for what their students learn and do.
• Effective teaching and meaningful learning requires lesson planning.
• Successful teachers seek improvement and opportunities to reflect on and refine
instructional practice.
• This motivate students to engage in mathematical thinking and reasoning.
• They also provide learning opportunities that challenge students at all levels of
understanding.
The structure of lesson plan may vary depending on content, age and ability of students,
teaching style, time, space available and the material resources available.
 . Any given lesson plan should be concerned with the following:
 Topic/ subtopic.
 Objectives- expressed clearly and concisely.
 Teaching resources/ references.
 Introduction – starters/ appetizer for stimulation, curiosity.
 Presentation _ main body.
 Conclusion : summary and assignment.
 Remarks / evaluation.
 Lesson planning must include the following clearly displayed Student activities.
 A beginning, middle and an end.
 Approximate time allotted for each activity.
 Descriptions of activities.
 Brief
 masterly
 Remember it is the student who is learning NOT THE TEACHER
Records of work
 Record what has been covered ,

Assignment
 Prepare a scheme of work for mathematics in either form 1 or 2 for a period of 2 weeks
 Prepare a 10mins lesson plan for micro teaching

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Planning for instruction

 Make a mathematics scheme of work for two weeks.

 Objective- Must be behavioral even as we embrace constructivism, learning needs to be

 Record what has been covered ,

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