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Complex Numbers, Formulas, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, April 11, 2023, JVM

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103 views15 pages

Complex Numbers, Formulas, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, April 11, 2023, JVM

Uploaded by

Jovencio Merin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example: In the circuit below, voltmeters VM1 , and VM2 , have readings of 40

and 30 V, respectively. Find the reading of voltmeter VM3 .


VM1

VM3 VM2
Example: Solve for V1 , V2 , and V3 , for the system

(12 + j12)V1 – 8V2 – j12V3 = 27.764.7

– 8V1 + (16 – j16)V2 – 8V3 = 20.8-13.1

– j12V1 – 8V2 + (26 – j8)V3 = -72-13.1


Exponential and Trigonometric Functions of Complex Numbers
ej – e-j
1. e = cos  + jsin
j 5. tan  =
j(ej – e-j)
j(ej – e-j)
2. e-j = cos  – jsin 6. cot  =
ej – e-j
ej – e-j 2
3. sin  = 7. sec  = j
j2 e – e-j
j2 j(ej – e-j)
e –e
j -j
8. csc  = j 6. cot  =
4. cos  = ej – e-j
2 e – e-j

Relation between trigonometric and hyperbolic functions


1. sin (x +jy) = sin x cosh y + j cos x sinh y
2. cos (x +jy) = cos x cosh y – j sin x sinh y

Example: Determine the value of z = sin(0.94 + j0.43)


Example: Determine the value of z = sin(0.94 + j0.43)
Inverse Trigonometric Function of Complex Numbers
1. Arcsin z = - j ln(jz   1 – z2)

2. Arccos z = - j ln(z   z2 – 1) ln
- j 1 + jz
3. Arctan z = 2 1 – jz

2
Example: Determine the value of z = sin-1(2 – j3)

j(ej – e-j)
Hyperbolic Functions Reciprocal Relations
2 1 1
ex – e-x 5. sech x = 1. sinh x = csch x 5. coth x = tanh x
1. sinh x = ex + e-x
2
2 1 cosh x
6. csch x = x 2. cosh x = sech x 6. coth x = sinh x
ex + e-x e – e-x
2. cosh x = 1 1
2 3. tanh x = coth x 7. sech x = cosh x

ex – e-x sinh x 1
3. tanh x = ex + e-x 4. tanh x = cosh x 8. csch x = sinh x

ex + e-x
4. coth x = ex – e-x

Hyperbolic of Identities Addition Formulas


1. sinh (x + y ) = sinh x cosh y – cosh x sinh y
Functions of Negative Argument
2. cosh (x + y ) = cosh x cosh y – sinh x sinh y
1. sinh (-x) = - sinh x 5. sech (-x) = sech x
tanh x + tanh y
2. cosh (-x) = cosh x 6. csch (-x) = - csch x 3. tanh (x + y ) =
1 + tanh x tanh y
3. tanh (-x) = - tanh x
coth x coth y + 1
4. coth (x + y ) =
4. coth (-x) = - coth x coth x + coth y
Subtraction Formulas Double Angle Formulas
1. sinh (x – y ) = sinh x cosh y – cosh x sinh y 1. sinh 2x =2sinh x cosh x

2. cosh (x – y ) = cosh x cosh y – sinh x sinh y 2. cosh 2x = cosh2 x + sinh2 x


tanh x – tanh y = 2cosh2 – 1
3. tanh (x – y ) =
1 – tanh x tanh y = 1 + 2sinh2
coth x coth y – 1 2 tanhh x
4. coth (x – y ) = 3. tanh 2x =
coth x – coth y 1 + tanh2

Squared Relations Half Angle Formulas


1. sinh x/2 = cosh x – 1
Functions of Negative Argument  2
1. cosh2 x – sinh2 x = 1 5. sech (-x) = sech x
2. cosh x/2 = cosh x + 1
2. sech2 x + tanh2 x = 1 6. csch (-x) = - csch x  2
3. coth2 x – csch2 x = 1 cosh x – 1 = sinh x cosh x – 1
3. tanh x/2 = cosh x + 1 = sinh x
 cosh x + 1
1
Multiple Angle Formulas Power of Functions
cosh 2x – 1 2
1. sinh x =
2
2
cosh 2x + 1
2. cosh2 x =
2. cosh 3x = 4cosh3 x – 3cosh3 x 2
sinh 3x – 3cosh x
3tanh x – tanh2y 3. sinh3 x = 3
3. tanh 3x = 4
1 + 3tanh2 x
cosh 3x + 3cosh x
4. cosh3x =
4. sinh 4x = 8sinh3 x cosh x + 4sinh x cosh x 4
3 – 4cosh 2x + cosh 4x
5. sinh4x = coth x – coth y
5. cosh 4x = 8cosh4 x – 8cosh2 x + 1 8

4tanh x + 4tanh3 x 3 + 4cosh 2x + cosh 4x


6. tanh 4x = 6. cosh4x =
1 + 6tanh2 x + 6tanh4 x 8
cosh 2x – 1
7. tanh2 x =
cosh 2x + 1
Sum of Two Functions
x + y cosh x – y sinh 3x – 3 sinh x
1. sinh x + sinh y = 2sinh 8. tanh3 x = cosh 2x + 1
2 2 cosh 3x + 3 cosh x

x + y cosh x – y
2. cosh x + cosh y = 2cosh 3 – 4cosh 2x + cosh 4x
2 2 8. tanh4 x =
3 + 4cosh 2x + cosh 4x
1
Difference of Two Functions
x + y sinh x – y 2
1. sinh x – sinh y = 2cosh 2
2

x + y sinh x – y
2. cosh x – cosh y = 2sinh 2
2
3

Product of Functions
1. 2sinh x sinh y = cosh (x + y) – cosh (x + y)

2. 2cosh x cosh y =cosh (x + y) + cosh (x + y)

3. 2sinh x cosh y = sinh (x + y) + sinh (x + y)

Example: Determine the value of z = cosh(0.94 – j0.43)


1
Difference of Two Functions
x + y sinh x – y 2
1. sinh x – sinh y = 2cosh 2
2

x + y sinh x – y
2. cosh x – cosh y = 2sinh 2
2
3

Product of Functions
1. 2sinh x sinh y = cosh (x + y) – cosh (x + y)

2. 2cosh x cosh y =cosh (x + y) + cosh (x + y)

3. 2sinh x cosh y = sinh (x + y) + sinh (x + y)

Example: Determine the value of z = cosh(0.94 – j0.43)


1
Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
a. Definition:
If x = sinh y ; then y = arcsinh x
b. Relations between inverse hyperbolic and logarithmic functions:

1. arcsinh x = ln ( x +  x2 + 1 )

2. arccosh x = ln ( x   x2 + 1 ), x  1
1+x
3. arctanh x = ½ ln x
1–x
x+1
4. arccoth x = ½ ln
x–1

5. arcsech x = ln ( 1   1 – x ), 0<x1
2

6. arccsch x = ln ( 1   1 + x ), x > 0
2

7. arccsch x = ln ( 1 –  1 + x ), x < 0
2

x
Relation between InverseHyperbolic Functions 1

1. arc sinh(- x) = - arc sinh (x)


2. arc tanh(- x) = - arc tanh (x)
3. arccoth(- x) = - arc coth (x)

4. arccoth( x) = - arc tanth (1/x)

5. arcsech( x) = - arc cosh (1/x)

6. arccsch( x) = - arc sinh (1/x)


7. arccsch(-x) = - arc csch (1/x)

Relation between Hyperbolic and Trigonometric Functions 2. arccosh x = ln ( x   x2 + 1


1. sin (jx) = j sinh (x) 7. sinh (jx) = j sin (x) 1+x
3. arctanh x = ½ ln
1–x
2. cos (jx) = cosh (x) 8. cosh (jx) = cos (x)
x+1
3. tan (jx) = jtanh (x) 9. tanh (jx) = jtan (x) 4. arccoth x = ½ ln
x–1
4. cot (jx) = -jcoth (x) 10. coth (jx) = -jcot (x)
5. arcsech x = ln ( 1   1 –
5. sec (jx) = sech (x) 11. sech (jx) = sec (x) x
6. csc (jx) = -jcsch (x) 12. csch (jx) = -jcsc (x) 6. arccsch x = ln ( 1   1 +
x

7. arccsch x = ln ( 1 –  1 +
x
Attendance , March 10, 2024, PEE5-M, EE 2B

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