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Advance-Statistics 2

The document discusses descriptive statistics including measures of central tendency like mean, median, and mode as well as measures of variability such as range, variance, and standard deviation. It provides examples to calculate these statistics and explains when to use certain measures over others such as using median instead of mean when outliers are present in the data.

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36 views7 pages

Advance-Statistics 2

The document discusses descriptive statistics including measures of central tendency like mean, median, and mode as well as measures of variability such as range, variance, and standard deviation. It provides examples to calculate these statistics and explains when to use certain measures over others such as using median instead of mean when outliers are present in the data.

Uploaded by

sevyn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Samples

Population
Two groups 1. Population
2. Samples
Descriptive Statistics - summary or a description of the
characteristics of
a set of data
Mean
Median Measures of Central Tendency or
Average
Mode
Range
Variance Measures of Variability
Standard Deviation
Skewness
Kurtosis Measures of Normality
Mean
(χ)
Data 1 : 54, 57, 58, 66, 69, and 71 mean = 54 + 57 + 58 + 66 + 69 + 71 = 375/6 = 62.5

the central value

mean = 62.5
Considering for instances that there is an outliers in the data set :
Data 2 : 54, 57, 58, 66, 69, 71, 120 mean = 54+ 57+ 58+ 66+ 69+71 +120 = 495/7 = 70.7
outlier
not a
central value 70.7

For data 2, since there is an outlier…. do not use mean. You can use other
measures of central
tendency. Here you may use median or mode
Median (in ascending or descending order, the number is located in the
middle

of the data set is the median)


Data 2 : 54, 57, 58, 66, 69, 71, 120
Arrange in Ascending Order 54+ 57+ 58+ 66+ 69+71 +120

Data 3: 50, 54, 57, 58, 66, 69, 71, 120 Median = 66

62 Median = (58+66) ÷ 2
Mode (the value that appears most frequently in a data set)
Data 4: 50, 54, 57, 58, 58, 66, 69, 71, 80, 100, 120 Mode = 58
50, 54, 57, 58, 58, 58, 66, 69, 71, 71, 80, 100, 120 Mode = 58
50, 54, 57, 58, 58, 66, 69, 71, 71, 80, 100, 120 Mode = 58, 71
(bimodal)
Measure of Variability :
Data A: 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 57, 59 Xa = 51
B: 47, 48, 49, 51, 51, 52, 52, 53, 53, 54 Xb = 51
Computation for the Range:
Range = Highest Value – Smallest Value
Ra = 59-45 = 14
Rb = 54-47 = 7
Variance :

(n-1) = Bessel's
correction
Data A: 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 57, 59 Xa = 51
B: 47, 48, 49, 51, 51, 52, 52, 53, 53, 54 Xb = 51

Computation for the variance::


- 62 -5 2 - 42 -2 2 12 02 12 32 62
82
Variance (sa2) = (45-51) 2 + (46-51) 2 + (47-51) 2 + (49-51) 2 + (50-51) 2 + (51-51) 2 + (52-51) 2 + (54-51) 2 + (57-51) 2 + (59-51) 2 =
192 = 21.3

9 9

- 42 -3 2 -2 2 02 02 12 12 22 22
32
Variance (sb2) = (47-51) 2 + (48-51) 2 + (49-51) 2 + (51-51) 2 + (51-51) 2 + (52-51) 2 + (52-51) 2 + (53-51) 2 + (53-51) 2 + (54-51) 2 = 48
= 5.3
Computation for the Standard Deviation :

Standard Deviation a = Variance a = 21.3 = 4.62


Standard Deviation b = Variance b = 5.3 = 2.30

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