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    Vitamins

    Uploaded by

    Gul Rehman Gul

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Vitamins

    Uploaded by

    Gul Rehman Gul
    12 views12 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    12 views12 pages

    Vitamins

    Uploaded by

    Gul Rehman Gul

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    VITAMINS

    By: Dr. Farooq Ahmad


    Vitamin Facts
    • Vitamins are essential organic nutrients, required in small
    amounts.

    • They cannot be synthesized by the body. Must be


    obtained by outside sources like diet, rumen bacteria &
    sun.

    • Required for growth, maintenance, reproduction and


    lactation.
    Classes of Vitamins

    Fat Soluble Vitamins: Water Soluble Vitamins:


    stored in tissues not stored in tissues, must
    have constant supply
    Examples
    A Examples
    D B, B1, B2, B6 & B12
    E Niacin
    K Folic Acid
    C
    Function, Deficiency Signs & Sources
    Vitamin A
    Function: development healthy skin and nerve tissue.
    Aids in building up resistance to infection. Functions in
    eyesight and bone formation. ALL ANIMALS require a
    source of Vitamin A. It is important in the ration of
    pregnant females.

    Deficiency signs: retarded growth in the young, the


    development of a peculiar condition around the eyes
    known as Xerophthalmia, night blindness and
    reproductive disorders.

    Sources: whole milk, carotene, animal body oils (cod


    fish and tuna), legume forages and can be synthetically
    produced.
    Vitamin E
    Function: normal reproduction.

    Deficiency signs: poor growth, "crazy chick" disease,


    Muscular Dystrophy, "white muscle" disease in
    ruminants and swine and "stiff lamb" disease (affects
    the nerves and muscles).

    Sources: synthetic for poultry and swine, cereal grains


    and wheat germ oil, green forages, protein
    concentrates, oil seeds (peanut and soybean oil).

    Vitamin E rapidly destroyed in rancid or spoiled fats.


    That is why these may cause white muscle disease.
    Utilization of Vitamin E is dependent on adequate
    selenium.
    Vitamin D

    Function: is essential for the proper utilization of


    calcium and phosphorus to produce normal, healthy
    bones.

    Deficiency signs: retarded growth, misshapen bones


    (rickets), lameness and osteoporosis.

    Sources: Whole milk, sun-cured hays, forage crops,


    fish liver oils, irradiated yeast.
    Vitamin K

    Function: necessary for the maintenance of normal


    blood coagulation.

    Deficiency signs: blood loses its power to clot or the


    time needed for clotting is longer and serious
    hemorrhages can result from slight wounds or bruises.

    Sources: green leafy forages, fish meal, liver,


    soybeans, rumen and intestinal synthesis, and the
    synthetic compounds.
    Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)

    Function: has an effect on the metabolism of calcium in


    the body (Not required in rations of farm animals.).

    Deficiency signs: none demonstrated in livestock.


    Human deficiency: scurvy (swollen and painful joints
    and bleeding gums) and brittleness of bones.

    Sources: citrus fruits, tomatoes, leafy vegetables and


    potatoes.
    Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)

    Function: required for the normal metabolism of


    carbohydrates.

    Deficiency signs: loss of appetite, muscular weakness,


    severe nervous disorders, general weakness and wasting
    (BeriBeri).

    Sources: raw, whole grains and especially their seed


    coats and embryos; fresh green forage; and yeast, milk
    and rumen synthesis.
    Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

    Function: necessary for normal embryo development,


    important in the metabolism of amino acids and
    carbohydrates.

    Deficiency signs: poor reproduction characterized by


    small litters and deformed young (cleft palate and club-
    footedness) curly toe paralysis in chicks, digestive
    disturbances, general weakness and eye abnormalities.

    Sources: milk and dairy by-products, yeast, green


    forages, well cured hay (especially alfalfa), whole grains,
    wheat bran and synthetic riboflavin rumen synthesis.

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