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Parking Sensor

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Raunak shrivastava
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107 views8 pages

Parking Sensor

Uploaded by

Raunak shrivastava
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Parking sensor

using IR
photodiode
By
Nitin shrivastava
Dnyanesh dhokale
Introduction • In these modern days finding car parking is a big issue in
congested cities. There are too many vehicles on the road
but not enough parking spaces. One of the biggest
problems is when we enter a parking area then we realize
that there are no empty parking slots to park our cars.
Important time. Another biggest problem is after entering
in a big parking area we confused to find the empty
parking slot to park our car. Sometimes maybe we all have
been facing these two problems that wasted our important
time. That’s why we need efficient parking management
systems in all parking areas that will provide confusion-
free and easy parking.
• In this tutorial, we will design a “Smart Parking System
Project” to overcome this problem. This project helps the
car’s driver to park their car with minimum wastage of
time with accurate information of the availability of the
space to park.
Project overview
• Description of the Parking Sensor System
• Purpose: The parking sensor system is designed to assist drivers in maneuvering their
vehicles safely into parking spaces by detecting obstacles that may not be visible through
mirrors or direct line of sight.
• Functionality:
• Sensor Detection: Utilizes ultrasonic sensors to detect objects in the vehicle's proximity.
• Data Processing: The sensors emit high-frequency sound waves, which bounce off
obstacles and return to the sensor. The time taken for the waves to return is measured to
determine the distance.
• Alert System: Processes this data through a microcontroller to determine if an object is
too close. When an obstacle is detected within a certain range, the system triggers alerts to
notify the driver.
• Audible Alerts: Emits sound alerts (e.g., beeps) to alert the driver of the proximity to an
obstacle.
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Components used
1.Ultrasonic Sensors: Emit and receive sound waves to measure distances.
2.Microcontroller: Processes sensor data and triggers alerts based on
predefined parameters.
3.Display Unit: Visual representation of distance or warning signals.
4.Buzzer: Audible alert system.
5.Power Supply: Provides power to the entire system.

4
Avanatges and considerations
• Enhanced Safety: Minimizes the risk of collisions and accidents while
parking.
• Convenience: Assists drivers, especially in tight parking spaces or areas with
limited visibility.
• Universal Applicability: Can be installed in various vehicle types for added
safety measures.
Considerations
• Calibration: Regular calibration ensures accurate distance measurements.
• Sensor Placement: Optimal sensor placement is crucial for effective
detection and coverage

5
Block diagram

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Working of IR sensor
• An IR LED serves as the emitter, while an IR photodiode serves as the detector.
An IR LED emits infrared light, which is detected by the IR photodiode. The
resistance and output voltage of the photodiode alter in response to the amount of
infrared light received. The IR sensor’s basic functioning concept is shown below.

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How does the Reverse Car Parking Sensor circuit work?

As per the circuit diagram given above, a variable resistor is connected to inverting end of LM358(Pin 2) to adjust the
sensitivity of the sensor. A junction of the photodiode and a resistor is connected to the non-inverting end of LM358(Pin
3).
When the circuit is switched ON and when there is no object near the IR LED and photodiode, then there will be no IR
radiation towards the photodiode. Hence the voltage across series resistor R2 decreases. Non-inverting end (pin 3) gets
less voltage when compared to inverting end (pin2). Hence the output becomes LOW and the LED turns OFF.
Now when there is an object near the IR LED and photodiode, the photodiode absorbs the IR generated by the IR LED
after it is reflected by the object. When reflected IR hits the photodiode, the voltage across it drops, while the voltage
across the series resistor R2 increases. Non-inverting end (pin 3) gets high voltage when compared to inverting end (pin2).
Hence the output becomes HIGH and the LED turns ON.
Inverting end of LM358 is connected to the 10k pot. Make the necessary adjustments to ensure that voltage comparison
works properly.
So, give it a shot and let me know if you have any questions in the comments section below. I’ll be happy to assist you!

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