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CH 2

The document discusses the components of a computer system including hardware, software, input devices, storage devices, output devices, system software, application software, and units of data representation. Hardware includes physical components like the CPU while software includes instructions. Important input devices are listed as well as primary and secondary storage. Output devices present information to the user. System software manages resources while application software helps users solve problems.

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20 views15 pages

CH 2

The document discusses the components of a computer system including hardware, software, input devices, storage devices, output devices, system software, application software, and units of data representation. Hardware includes physical components like the CPU while software includes instructions. Important input devices are listed as well as primary and secondary storage. Output devices present information to the user. System software manages resources while application software helps users solve problems.

Uploaded by

tashale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

CHAPTER TWO

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM of


Computer System
What is system?
• group of components that work together in
coordination to achieve a common goal.
e.g. Digestive System, Computer System, Circulatory
System, etc.
• input of one component is output of other until
common goal is achieved.
• common goal of computer system is data
processing.
1
Components of Computer System

Computer system is system that has two fundamental components:


Hardware:
 physical component of computer system that we can see, touch
and sense.
Software:
 set of instructions that tell hardware how to perform a task.
Without software, hardware is useless.

2
Cont’d…

Input Devices
• devices used to provide data and instructions to the
computer.
Some important input devices are:
 Keyboard
 mouse
 Scanner
 joystick
 touch screen
 touch pad
 light pen
 track ball
 microphone and so on. 3
Cont’d…

Storage Devices

I. Primary Memory (Internal Memory)


 Main memory in computer which is quickly accessed by
CPU for reading or storing information.
 classified into two types:
1. RAM (Random Access Memory)
2. ROM (Read Only Memory)

4
Cont’d…

1. RAM (Random Access Memory):

 read/write memory as information can be read from and written

onto it.

 is temporary and volatile because the data or instructions

stored in it is lost as soon as the power to the computer is

switched off.

5
Cont’d…

2. ROM (Read Only Memory):


 read only as information can be read from and not written onto
it.
 is permanent and nonvolatile because its data or instructions
do not depend on the power supply.

6
Cont’d…

II. Secondary Memory (Auxiliary Memory)

 “backup storage” used to store large volume of data on a

permanent basis.

 e.g. Hard Disk, floppy disk, CD-ROM, DVD and Flash

drive.

7
Cont’d…

Output Devices
• receive information from the CPU and present it to the
user in the desired form.
a. Monitor
i. LCD
ii. CRT
b. Printer
c. Plotter
d. Speaker and so on.

8
Cont’d…

Software Components
• of two types:
A. System Software
 facilitates effective utilization of the hardware
system for different applications.
 e.g. operating system, device driver and language
software.

9
Cont’d…

a) Operating System
• manages the hardware and software resources of a computer.
• provides a GUI for higher level functions.
 Basic functions of operating system are:
 Input/output management
 Memory management
 File management
 Job control (process scheduling)

10
Cont’d…

b) Device Driver
 introduces a new device to the operating
system.
 facilitates the communication between the
operating system and the device.

11
Cont’d…

c) Utility Software
 used to support, enhance or expand utility
programs in a computer system.
 Some examples of utility programs are:
Backup – duplicate data/information for safety.
Data Recovery – restore data that is physically damaged
or corrupted.
Virus Protection – Antivirus software which will
eliminate viruses from affected files or protect files
from being infected from viruses.
Data Compression – used to minimize size of huge files
and save memory storage.

12
Cont’d…

B. Application Software
 consists of programs that help users to solve
their problems on computer.
 e.g. word processor, spreadsheet, DBMS,
computer graphics, e-mail software, etc.
 has four categories:
1. Productivity Software:
• makes users more productive at performing
general tasks.

13
Cont’d…

2. Home/Personal Software:
• used for domestic and personal use.
• e.g. cook books, medical guide, gardening, etc.
3. Education/Reference Software:
• used to learn any subject or to refer for additional
information.
• e.g. Encyclopedia, Dictionaries, Computer Based
Tutorials (CBT), etc.
4. Entertainment Software:
• used for entertainment and time passing.
• e.g. games

14
Cont’d…

Units of Data Representation

Bit:- the smallest unit of information that can be


stored & manipulated by computer.
- Bit means Binary Digit, i.e. 0 or 1
Byte:- group of 8 bits.
- e.g.
 1KB = 210 bytes = 210 bytes X 8bit
 1MB = 220 bytes= 220 bytes X 8bit
 1GB = 230 bytes= 230 bytes X 8bit
 1TB = 240 bytes= 240 bytes X 8bit

15

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