CHAPTER 2ppt
CHAPTER 2ppt
CHAPTER 2ppt
Optical disks are a storage medium from which data is read and to which it is written
by lasers.
Optical disk includes:
Compact Disk (CD)
A compact disk (CD) is an optical disk used to store digital data. It was originally
developed for storing digital audio.
Types of CDs:
CD-R: A CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable) is a write once, read-only optical
magnetic media commonly known as optical disc.
DVD (Digital Versatile Disc): DVD (sometimes called "Digital Versatile Disc” or
“Digital Video Disc” is an optical disc storage media format that can be used for data
storage, including movies with high video and sound quality.
A typical DVD can often hold more data than 6 CDs. DVDs can store an entire
Flash Memory
USB flash drives -thumb drives, handy
drives-, which are used for general storage
and transfer of data between computers.
Flash memory is highly portable and it
can store much data but it is expensive.
Storage Capacity Measurement
Bit (Binary Digit): A bit of storage is like a light switch; it can be
either on (1) or off (0).
A single bit is a one or a zero, a true or a false, a "flag" which is
"on" or "off".
The bit is the smallest unit of storage used in computing.
Byte: A byte is a contiguous sequence of a fixed number of bits.
In recent years, the use of a byte to mean 8 bits has become nearly
ubiquitous.
Byte = 8 bits = 1 character
KB (Kilo byte): A kilo byte is 2 10 bytes = 210 x 8 bits
MB (Mega byte): A mega byte is 220 bytes = 220 x 8 bits
GB (Giga byte): A gigabyte is 230 bytes = 230 x 8 bits
TB (Terabyte): A terabyte is 240 bytes =240 x 8 bits
Example: If a storage device is 23 GB, find the memory capacity in
a) Byte
b) bit
Solution:
c) 1 GB = 230byte
23 GB = y
y = 23 GB x 230 byte/1 GB
y = 23x230 byte
23 GB = y
y = 23 GB x 8 x 230 bit/1 GB
y = 23 x 8 x 230 bit
Output devices
1. Impact printers
2. Non-impact printers
Impact printers:
With this type of printer, a pin or a hammer strikes the
paper and the ribbon together to form a character, like
a typewriter.
Impact printers are less expensive but they are noisy
and have low print quality. The best example of impact
printer is Dot-matrix.
Non- impact printers:
This type of printer does not involve actually
striking the paper. Instead, it uses ink spray or
toner powder. It has low noise and can print
graphics. They are more expensive.
Examples of non-impact printers are:
Ink jet printers: spray ink onto paper to form
characters and graphics. Most color printers are
ink jet printers
Laser printers: works like a copy machine using
toner and a heat bar. It is faster and more
expensive that the other printers. Now most of the
office printers are laser jet printers
Plotter
A Plotter is also a printer that produces hard copy output.
Plotters produce high quality color graphics output by
using pens for creating images.
Plotters help to draw maps from stored data.
Plotters are ideal for Engineering, Drafting and many
other applications that require graphics.
Speaker
Speaker is an output device that allows you to hear voice,
music, and other sounds from your computer.
It is used in computer system to produce sound or voice
output.
The sound is input from external world into computer
system via microphone and is output to external world
via speaker.
Software Component
i. What to do
ii. How to do it
iii. When to do it
If software is stored on non-volatile storage such as integrated circuits,
it is usually referred to as firmware/built-in.
System software
System software includes the computer’s
basic operating system.
The term also usually covers any software
used to manage the computer and the
network.
Thus we can say that systems software
includes operating systems, device
drivers, programming tools, utilities
and more.
Operating system