Computer 2
Computer 2
•
ENIAC
12
The main features of first
generation are:
• Vacuum tube technology
• Unreliable
• Supported machine language only
• Very costly
• Generated lot of heat
• Slow input and output devices
• Huge size Magnetic Drum
• Need of A.C.
• Non-portable
• Consumed lot of electricity
13
Some computers of this
generation were:
• ENIAC
• EDVAC
• UNIVAC
ENIAC
• IBM-701 IBM-701
• IBM-650
14
UNIVAV
Second generation computers
(1956-1963)
• In this generation transistors were used that were
cheaper, consumed less power, more reliable and
faster than the first generation machines made of
vacuum tubes.
• magnetic cores were used as primary memory
and magnetic tape and magnetic disks as
secondary storage devices
• assembly language and high-level programming
languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used.
15
The main features of second
generation are:
• Use of transistors
• Reliable in comparison to first generation
• Smaller size as compared to first generation
• Generated less heat
• Consumed less electricity
• Faster than first generation computers
• Still very costly
• A.C. needed
• Supported machine and16 assembly languages
Some computers of this
generation were:
• IBM 1620
• IBM 7094
• CDC 1604
• CDC 3600
• UNIVAC 1108
17
Third generation computers
(1964-1971)
• The development of the integrated circuit was the
hallmark شناختof the third generation of computers.
• Single IC has many transistors.
• Instead of punched cards and printouts, users
interacted with third generation computers
through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with
an operating system.
• Allowed the device to run many
different applications at one time.
18
Fourth generation computers
(1971-present)
• The fourth generation computer started with the
invention of microprocessor. The microprocessor
contain thousand of ICs.
• The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971.
• It greatly reduced the size of computer. The size of
modern microprocessor is usually one square inch.
• Fourth generation computers also saw the
development of GUIs, the mouse and
handheld devices.
19
Fourth generation computers
20
Fifth generation computers
(present and beyond)
• Fifth generation computing devices, based
on artificial intelligence.
• Are still in development, though there are some
applications, such as voice recognition.
• The use of parallel processing is helping to make
artificial intelligence a reality.
• The goal of fifth-generation computing is to
develop devices that respond to natural language .
21
Fifth generation computers
22
Introduction to computer
معرفی با کمپیوتر
Data Information
26
انواع کمپیوتر
computer types
کمپیوتر از نظر پروسس معلومات اولیه DATAبه سه نوع
تقسیم شده.
•کمپیوتر های رقمی () Digital Computer
کمپیوتر های اند که توسط ارقام و عداد کار میکند
•کمپیوتر های قیاسی ()Analog Computer
کمپیوتر های اند که توسط اشارات (( signalکار میکند
•کمپیوتر های ترکیبی ()Hybrid Computer
کمپیوتر های اند که صفات هر دو کمبیوتر را دارا می باشد
.
ی
انواع کمپیوتر از نظر قدرت ,سرعت و
اجرایی عملیات به چهار نوع میباشد
کمپیوتر های بزرگ ()Super Computer •
کمپیوتر های ()Main Farm •
کمپیوتر های کوچک ()Minicomputer •
کمپیوتر های مایکرو () Micro Computer •
()Desktop Computer
() Portable computer
Super computer Mainframe computer
Micro computer
Mini computer
Classification
of Computers
34
Classification of Computers
35
Classification Of Computers
Classification of computers
according to function
– Analog computer
– Digital computer
– Hybrid Computer
36
Analog computer
39
• In digital computer, classification can be
done on the basis of purpose
GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTER
SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTER
40
GENERAL PURPOSE
COMPUTER:
• These are designed to perform the variety
of jobs or applications for this reason; they
are less efficient than special purpose
computers
• EXAMPLE
– Banking, Sales Analysis, PCs, etc
41
Special Purpose Computer
42
Types of Digital computers
• There are four Types of Digital Computer
in terms of size, power and speed
1.Supercomputer
2.Mainframe Computer
3.Minicomputer
4.Microcomputer
43
1) Supercomputer
47
Uses of Mainframe Computer
48
3) Minicomputer
• also called mid-range servers
• more powerful computers than micro-computers
in terms of processing power and capabilities
• It can serve up to several hundred connected
user simultaneously
• It is normally access by users through a personal
computer
• Departmental systems and Network Servers are
the examples of minicomputer
49
Minicomputer
50
Micro Computer
52
سرعت
دقت
سختكوشي و خستگي ناپذيري
ويژگيها و
امتيازات كامپيوتر
ظرفيت باالي حافظه و دسترسي سريع
قابليت انعطاف يا تغيير پذيري
transportation
موارد كاربرد كامپيوتر
كامپيوتر در مدارس مکاتب و پهنتون ها؛
كامپيوتر بهعنوان يك وسيله كمك آموزشي استفاده
ميشود.
61
Hardware
62
نرمافزار Software؛
به بخشهاي غيرقابل لمس و غيرفيزيكي اطالق میشود
که كامپيوتر را قادر به اجرا عملیه ها و دستورات
میسازد
نرم افزار به سخت افزار جان بخشیده تا فعالیت کند
65
Input devices
.
Output devices
.
The System Unit
• What are common components inside the system unit?
Processor
Memory
Adapter cards
Sound card
Video card
Drive bays
Power supply
Next
Storage Devices وسایل ذخیروی اطالعت
حافظه
جانبي ديسك سخت
ديسك فالپي
نرمافزار
108
وظايف كلي سيستم عامل
-۱مديريت و تقسيم وقت سيپييو ایجا فضاي حافظه
به برنامهها و كاربران مختلف
-۲مديريت و كنترل وسايل ورودي/خروجي
-۳مديريت و كنترل سخت افزار ها
-۵ایجاد فزایی گرافیکی بین کاربران و فايلها
-۴مديريت و كنترول حافظه ها
Router Cable