EASA PART 145

INTRODUCTION
ROWLAND TAYLOR
AAT EASA PT 147
MANAGING DIRECTOR - AAT
 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

• Phones to silent or switched off

• Fire Exits & Assembly Point
• Breaks as required
• Any questions?.....
WHAT DOES EASA MEAN?
• European Aviation Safety Agency

• What is EASA?

• Simply a collection of EU NAA’s

working together to Standardise &
Harmonise aviation activities
 LOOKBACK CONT ....

• Then with 25 EU states they then

gave us EASA & EASA parts 145.10
scope through EASA 145.95 Findings

• Each EU member state is referred to

as a “Full member state” with full
auditing and regulatory rights
 EASA145 REFRESHER

1. Original JAR’s as issued by JAA were

guideline open to interpretation and
extension by competent authorities.
(NO LEGAL BASIS)

2. EASA PART 145 as issued by EASA are

European rulings and should therefore

not be open to interpretation.

(DOES HAVE A LEGAL BASIS)
 EASA PART 145
• EASA 145 Document;
Section A & B
Rulings which must be complied.

• AMC’s Acceptable Means of Compliance

How to apply the rulings.

• Guidance Material
Explanatory document to AMC’s
 EASA Part 145 – Approved Maintenance
Organisations
What are the overall objectives of the requirement?
To establish the requirements to be met to
qualify for the issue or continuation of an
approval for the maintenance of civil aircraft
or components
 TO REMAIN COMPLIANT
• To maintain an EASA 145 approval you
must have EASA Pt 66 B1, B2, B3 & “A”
Category certifying engineers at all
times.

• They in turn obtain license approval via

an EASA 147 approved training
organisation.

• Must then undergo a structured 2 – 16

weeks practical training programme
EASA PART 145.1 GENERAL
• 1. for organisations with principle place
of business in an EU Member State, the
authority designated by that Member State
is usually the NAA

BUT

• 2. for organisations having their principle

place of business located in a third
country, the Agency is usually the
designated authority.
EASA Pt 145 DOCUMENT
• PART145 Section “A” covers
the requirements for
organisational compliancy.
(RULINGS)

• PART145 Section “B” covers

the administrative procedures
for the designated regulatory
audits.
 MAINTENANCE
ORGANISATION EXPOSITION
• From this point onwards everything we
talk about will be the subject of an MOE
procedure.

• The MOE is simply your explanation of

how you are going to comply with EASA
PART 145 requirements and it is what
you will be judged upon.
• EASA PART 145.A.10

SCOPE
 145.A.10 SCOPE

• Establishes the requirements to be

met for issue or continuation of an
aircraft or component EASA approval.
 Essential Elements Required
• Management Staff
• Facilities
• Personnel
• Certifying Staff EASA Part 145
• Tooling and Materials Approval Granted
• Maintenance Data
• Production Planning
• Quality System
• Exposition and
Procedures
• Reporting
• EASA PART 145.A.15
• LINE APPROVAL
• BASE APPROVAL
APPLICATION
 145.A.15 APPLICATION

• Application for issue or variance

of a Pt 145 approval shall be made
to EASA in a form and manner
established by the authority.

• See Anybody’s MOE

EASA PART 145.A.20

TERMS OF APPROVAL
 145.A.20 TERMS OF
APPROVAL

• The Organisation shall outline the

scope of work in the Maintenance
Organisation Exposition (MOE).
APPROVAL CERTIFICATE (EX 1).
SCOPE/CAPABILITY LIST (EX 2).
LINE & BASE MAINTENANCE
• Line maintenance is considered to be
any maintenance carried out before
flight to ensure that the aircraft is fit
for it’s intended flight (Ramp and
Despatch duties). See AMC 145.A.10
• Base maintenance is generally
scheduled maintenance above “A”
checks carried out inside a hangar.
SCOPE OF WORK
 EASA PART 145.A.25

FACILITY REQUIREMENTS
 145.A.25 FACILITY
REQUIREMENTS
(a) The organisation shall ensure;

• All facilities are suitable to perform the

work to be carried out in them.
• Protection from weather
• Specialised w/shop/bays are segregated
to prevent environmental and work area
contamination.
FACILITIES REQUIREMENTS

• For base maintenance of aircraft;

• For component maintenance;

HANGAR FLOOR PLAN
SHEET METAL WORKSHOP
 145.A.25 FACILITIES CONT……

(b) Office accommodation is

provided for Management and
certifying staff in order that they
carry out their work in a manner
that supports good aircraft
maintenance standards.
145.A.25 FACILITIES…….
(c) Entire work area including
hangars, w/shops and office
accommodation is suitable
observing any special
requirements.

• Work area’s must not impair the

effectiveness of the workforce i.e.
……..
 145.A.25(c) FACILITIES
CONT
• 1. Temperature
• 2. Dust and other airborne contamination.
• 3. Lighting.
• 4. Noise.
• 5. Special maintenance conditions other
than as above must be maintained –
these conditions will be found
identified in the Maintenance Data
section.
The Shift Maintenance Manager's potential to achieve quality in the
windscreen fitting process was eroded by his inadequate care, poor
trade practices, failure to adhere to company standards and use of
unsuitable equipment, which were judged symptomatic of a longer term
failure by him to observe the promulgated procedures.
The British Airways local management, Product Samples and Quality
Audits had not detected the existence of inadequate standards
employed by the Shift Maintenance Manager because they did not
monitor directly the working practices of Shift Maintenance Managers.

AAIB Report
 145.A.25 FACILITIES
CONT…..
• 6. Working environment for line
maintenance is such that Maint & Insp
are performed without undue
distraction
Where work environment deteriorates
due to;
Temperature, moisture, hail, snow, ice,
wind, lighting, dust or other airborne
contamination work must be stopped
until favourable conditions return.
 145.A.25(d) FACILITIES
CONT…..
• Secure storage facilities are provided to cater
for components, equipment, tools & materials.

• Storage conditions segregate “S” components &

material from “U/S” A/C components,
materials, equipment and tools.
 145.A.25(d) FACILITIES
CONT……
• Storage conditions are i.a.w the
manufacturers instructions to
prevent deterioration and damage.

• Access to storage facilities is

restricted to authorised personnel
only.
 EASA PART 145.A.30

PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
 145.A.30 PERSONNEL
REQUIREMENTS

• (a) Organisation shall appoint an

ACCOUNTABLE MANAGER with
responsibility for Corporate
Authority to ensure that the
maintenance of the customer’s
equipment can be financed to
acceptable standards.
ACCOUNTABLE MANAGER
• When the Accountable Manager is
not the Chief Executive of the
company the CE should
countersign the Accountable
Managers statement.

• This is intended to satisfy the

Competent Authority that
maintenance funding is assured.
145.A.30(a) PERSONNEL R’QTS
• Accountable Manager shall ensure that;

• 1. All necessary resources are available to

support the organisations approval.

• 2. He establishes and promotes a safety and

quality policy.

• 3. Demonstrate understanding of this part.

145.A.30(b) PERSONNEL R’QTS
• The organisation shall nominate a
person or group of persons to
ensure the organisation complies
with this part.

• Such person or persons will be

responsible & answer to the
ACCOUNTABLE MANAGER
145.A.30(b) PERSONNEL R’QTS
• 1. The person or persons nominated
will represent the maintenance
management structure of the
organisation and be responsible for
all specified functions.
• 2. The person or persons are
identified and credentials
submitted in a manner
established by the NAA.
 MANAGEMENT
STRUCTURE
• Dependant upon the size of the
approval the organisation should
have the following managers;

• Line maintenance manager

• Base maintenance manager
• Workshop manager
• Quality manager
• All of whom report to the AM.
 MANAGEMENT
STRUCTURE

• For Small Companies a senior

manager may also be the
accountable manager i.e.
Accountable/Workshop Manager as
agreed by the Competent Authority.
See AMC 145.A.30(b).
145.A.30(b) PERSONNEL R’QTS
• 3. The person or persons must demonstrate
relevant knowledge, background and
experience related to A/C or component
maintenance and demonstrate a working
knowledge of this part.

• 4. Procedure must be established for who

deputises for who during lengthy absences of
the identified persons.
145.A.30(c) PERSONNEL R’QTS
• The ACCOUNTABLE MANAGER will appoint
a person with responsibility for;
“Monitoring the Q System including
feedback as required under EASA145.65(c)”
(independent audits)

• This person will have direct access to the

Accountable Manager so that the AM is kept
informed on quality and compliance issues.
145.A.30(d) PERSONNEL R’QTS
• Maintenance man hour plan to allow for appropriate
level of maintenance manpower at any given time,

• To perform maintenance,
• To supervise maintenance,
• To inspect maintenance,
• and quality monitor the organisation i.a.w the approval

• Man hour plan should be reviewed quarterly

• In addition the Org must have a reassessment plan for

workforce depletion.
145.A.30(e) PERSONNEL R’QTS
• The organisation shall control personnel
competence in maintenance,
management and/or Q/audits to a
procedure and to a standard agreed by
the competent authority.

• Additionally an understanding of Human

Factors and Human Performance is
needed. See GM 145.A.30(e).
 MEANINGS

• HUMAN FACTORS;

• HUMAN PERFORMANCE;
145.A.30(f) PERSONNEL R’QTS
• People who carry out a continued
airworthiness NDT of A/C structures and
components are properly qualified in
line with European or equivalent
standard recognised by EASA.

• BS1 (UK), DIN (European).

• People who carry out any other

specialised tasks should also be
approved in the same way.
145.A.30(g) PERSONAL R’QTS
• Any Org maintaining aircraft
except where stated otherwise in
this part shall in the case of
aircraft line maintenance have
appropriate A/C type rated
Certifying staff qualified as
category B1 and B2.
145.A.30(g) PERSONNEL RQTS
• Additionally the Org may use task
trained certifying staff qualified as Cat
“A” to perform minor scheduled line
Maint and simple defect rectification
tasks.

• BUT

• This does not replace the need for B1

& B2 certifying staff.
Part 145.A.30(g) Personnel Requirements

Cat A Tasks
listed.
 TYPICAL CAT “A” TASKS
• Wheel Assembly replacement
• Wheel brake unit replacement
• Emergency equipment replacement
• Window wiper blade replacement
• Static wick replacement
• Replacement of any other component as
agreed by the CA as a simple task
• AFTER APPROPRIATE TASK TRAINING
HAS BEEN GIVEN.
 B1 & B2 ENGINEER
EXPLANATION
• B1 Engineer is approved on;
Airframe, Engine, Electrical Power and
B1 Avionics.

• B2 Engineer is approved on;

Instrument Systems, Electrical Power,
Autopilot, Autoland, Radio & Radar.
145.A.30(h) PERSONNEL R’QTS
• Any base maintaining large A/C shall;

• 1. Have appropriate type rated “C”

staff and have sufficient qualified B1 &
B2 type rated staff (145.A.35) to
support the cat “C” certifying staff
 “C” CATEGORY STAFF
• “C” maintenance staff are found in heavy
maintenance environments only.

• Usually are B1 or B2 qualified.

• Any exceptions to above?

• Yes – a University degree in A/C engineerin

 UNIVERSITY CAT “C”
STAFF
• Must have a degree in Aeronautical
Engineering

• Must undergo General Familiarisation

on each of the A/C operated by the
company for which he covers.

• Approved by the QM
145.A.30(h) PERSONNEL R’QTS
• (i) B1 & B2 shall ensure all tasks carried out
to required standard before “C” staff issues
CRS.

• (ii) The Org shall maintain a register of B1

& B2 support staff.

• (iii) “C” staff will ensure compliance with

item (i).
145.A.30(h) PERSONNEL RQ’T’S
• ….and ensure that all work has been
accomplished during the specific check

AND

• Assess any work not completed as to

when it should be completed or deferred
to either another check or an agreed
timeframe.
145.A.30(h) PERSONNEL R’QTS
2.For base maintenance other than large A/C
you must have;
(i) Sufficient type rated certifying staff
qualified as B1 and B2 i.a.w Pt 66 and
145.A.35.

(ii) Sufficient type rated certifying staff

qualified in category “C” assisted by `
B1 & B2 support staff.
 145.A.30 (i) COMPONENT
CERTIFYING STAFF
• Component certifying staff do not need
to be licensed.
• Generally approval is given by QM for
individual components only.
• For example an engine workshop
person would sign PT6 engine
components off (for which he holds
approval) and the engine shop manager
would sign off.
145.A.30(j) PERSONNEL R’QTS
• By *derogation to Para g & h you
may use certifying staff qualified
i.a.w the following provisions;

• Derogation means;

• “an allowance to make a deviation

from a specific rule or law”
145.A.30(j) PERSONNEL R’QTS

1. Outside the community certifying

staff may be qualified i.a.w the NAA of
the state in which the organisation is
registered.

2. Same rules for line maintenance

organisations.
145.A.30(j) PERSONNEL R’QTS
3.Captain or F/E may sign CRS on
limited basis providing they have
received sufficient practical
training on the associated tasks.
• How does a pilot sign off?

• By using ATPL license number.

145.A.30(j) PERSONNEL R’QTS

• For limited certification rights the

Captain of F/E should hold current
ATPL – CPL & F/EL or a national
equivalent license acceptable to
the competent authority.

• The limited authorisation is

subject to an MOE procedure.
CAPTAIN/FE REQUIREMENTS FOR
LIMITED CERTIFICATION
• Procedures for limited certification
should include as a minimum;
• Adequate task training on type and
the use of maintenance data.
• Adequate procedural training.
• Adequate airworthiness regulation
training.
TYPICAL TASKS FOR CAP’S & F/E
• Wheel assembly replacement
• Replacement of simple emergency
equipment that is easily accessible
• Internal/external lights, filaments etc.
• Static wick replacement.
• Aircraft and APU batteries.
• Replacement of ovens, boilers and
beverage makers
145.A.30 PERSONNEL R’QTS CONT
5. In the unforeseen event an A/C is grounded
away from main base and no appropriate
certifying staff are available the organisation
contracted may issue a “one-off certification.

• Unforeseen: where an aircraft grounding could

not have been predicted.

• A one-off maintenance support certification

will be issued only under the following
circumstances;
145.A.30 5(i). ONE- OFF Cont….
• Each one-off approval will be on a
case by case basis after reasoned
judgement by the QM that the need
to do so is appropriate.

• A one-off should only be given when

the level of knowledge does not
exceed that of the person who it is
being given to.
145.A.30 PERSONNEL R’QTS CONT
• (i) To one of it’s employee’s holding
equivalent type authorisation on A/C of
similar;

• Technology,
• Construction,
• Systems,

• OR
145.A.30 PERSONNEL R’QTS CONT
(ii) Any ICAO licensed engineer with a valid
license rated on type and 5 years minimum
maintenance experience.

PROVIDING
No other approved organisation at that
location and the contracted organisation
records and files all the engineers details
for future reference
145.A.30 PERSONNEL R’QTS CONT
• These situations must be reported to
the competent authority within 7 days
of the "one-off” certificate issuance.

• The organisation issuing the one-off

must ensure that any flight safety
issue is re-checked by an approved
organisation – generally once the A/C
reaches its own base.
 EASA PART 145.A.35

CERTIFYING STAFF AND

CATEGORY
B1 & B2 SUPPORT STAFF
 145A.35 CERT STAFF & CAT B1 &
B2 SUPPORT STAFF
• The organisation shall ensure Certifying &
B1 & B2 support staff understand the A/C &
components being maintained
AND
Understand the organisational procedures
before the issue or re-issue of certification
authorisation
TYPICAL MOE PROCEDURE
145.A.35 CERT STAFF & B1/B2
• (a)
• B1 & B2 support staff
means……………
• Relevant A/C or component
means….
• Certification authorisation
means……
145.A.35 CERT STAFF & B1 & B2
• (b) Except those cases in145.A.30(j)
the organisation may only issue a
certification authorisation to
Certification staff as per basic cat’s
and sub cat’s as listed on AMEL in
Pt 66 as long as;
• AMEL remains valid
• AND – WHAT ELSE?
• Certifying staff remain in compliance
with EASA Pt 66
145.A.35 CERT STAFF & B1 & B2
• (c) The organisation shall ensure that all
C staff & B1 & B2 support staff are;

• Involved in at least ? months relevant

A/C or component maintenance work
experience in any given ? year period.

• Relevant A/C or component work

experience means;
145.A.35 CERT STAFF & B1/B2
• (c) that person has worked in an
A/C or component environment
and has either;
• Exercised certification privileges
• And/or carried out maintenance
on A/C or some of the A/C type
systems listed in the certificate
authorisation.
145.A.35 CERT STAFF & B1/B2
• (d) The organisation shall ensure all C
staff and B1 & B2 support staff
receive sufficient Continuation
training in any ? year period to ensure;
• Up to date information of relevant
technology
• Organisational procedures
• Human Factor & Performance issues
145.A.35 CERT STAFF & B1/B2
• (e) The organisation shall establish a
programme for continuation training for
C & B1 & B2 support staff to include;
• Compliance with relevant Para's of this
chapter as a basis for issuance of
certification authorisation
AND
• Create a procedure to ensure continued
compliance with Pt 66
145.A.35 CERT STAFF & B1/B2
• (f) Except for any of the unforeseen cases
listed in 145.A.30(j)(5) the organisation
shall asses all prospective C staff for;
• Competence
• Qualifications
• And capability prior to issue or reissue of
certification authorisation as per a
specified procedure to be found in the MOE
 K S

A/B

K = Knowledge
S = Skills
A/B = Attitude/Behaviour
 K S

A/B

= Competence
 145.A.35 CERT STAFF & B1/B2
• (g) When conditions of Para's (a), (b), (d),
(f) and if applicable (c) have been met by
the C staff the organisation may issue a
certification authorisation;

• The authorisation must state clearly the

scope and limits of the authorisation.
145.A.35 CERT STAFF & B1/B2

• (g) Continued validity of the

certification authorisation is
dependant upon continued
compliance with paragraphs (a),
(b), (d) and where applicable (c).
145.A.35 CERT STAFF & B1/B2
• (h) Authorisation certification must
be clear and concise to the C staff and
any other authorised person who may
wish to see the authorisation.

• Where codes are used to define the scope

of authorisation the organisation should
make a code translation readily
available.
 145.A.35(h) - CODES
• Can anyone tell me where the
maintenance codes can be found?

• The MOE

• MEL

• The Quality Department

145.A.35 CERT STAFF & B1/B2
• (h) Who do you think Authorised
person are?

• Any official of the competent authority

• The Agency (EASA)

• Member state with responsibility for

the A/C or component.
145.A.35 CERT STAFF B1 & B2
• (i) Person responsible for the quality
system shall remain responsible on
behalf of the organisation for issuing a
certification authorisation to C staff.

• This responsibility can be delegated to

another person to issue or revoke the
authorisation as laid down in an MOE
procedure
 145.A.35 CERT STAFF B1/B2
• (j) The organisation shall maintain a
record of all C and B1 & B2 support staff the
record of which shall contain.
1. Details of any A/C license held under Pt 66
2. All relevant training completed
3. The scope of the certificate authorisation
4. Details of staff with limited or one-off
approvals.
LIST OF CERTIFYING STAFF
145.A.35 CERT STAFF & B1/B2
• The organisation shall retain
personnel records of C and B1 & B2
support staff for at least 2 years
after leaving the company or upon
authorisation withdrawal

• Additionally and upon request the

organisation will give C staff a copy
of their record when leaving.
145.A.35 CERT STAFF & B1/B2

• Certifying staff shall upon request

be given access to their personnel
records held by the Organisation.

• And give them copies upon

leaving.
145.A.35 CERT STAFF & B1/B2
• (k) Certification authorisation shall be
provided in either documented or
electronic format.

• Q; C staff shall produce their documents

to any authorised personnel within;
• 24 hours.

• Q; Minimum age for C, B1 & B2 support

staff is;
• 21 years.
EASA PART 145.A.40

EQUIPMENT, TOOLS
AND MATERIALS
 145.A.40 EQ’T, TOOLS & MAT’S

• (a) The organisation shall have

available and use necessary
equipment, tools and materials to
perform the approved scope of
work.
 145.A.40 EQT, TOOLS & MATS
• 1. Where Manufacturer specifies a
particular tool or piece of equipment
that tool or equipment shall be used.

• Q - UNLESS

• Alternative tooling has been agreed with

the competent authority via; an MOE
procedure and alternative tool identified.
 BAD EXAMPLE .....
• Chicago DC10 crash .....
• Manufacturer has no jurisdiction
over airline maintenance
procedures
• Manufacturers recommendations
were disregarded
• Does anyone know why?
• Multiple tasks and forklift truck!!!!!
 145.A.40 EQT, TOOLS & MATS

2. Equipment and tools must be permanently

available.
• Q; When can tools NOT be permanently
available
• When it is so rarely used that its permanent
availability is not necessary.

• Then it should be detailed in the MOE as an

organisational procedure.
 PERSONAL TOOLS
• Under no circumstances whatsoever
must personal tooling be used
during aircraft maintenance tasks

• WHY?
• Serious flight safety hazard – why?
• Total loss of tool control and
accountability
ACCEPTANCE OF TOOLS AND
EQUIPMENT
145.A.40 EQT, TOOLS & MATS
• 3. Any organisation approved for
base maintenance shall ensure
it has sufficient;

• Access equipment.
• Inspection platforms.
• Docking in order that the A/C can
be inspected properly and safely.
ACCESS/INSPECTION EQUIPMENT.
 145.A.40 EQT, TOOLS & MATS
• (b) The organisation shall ensure that all tools and
equipment, particularly test equipment is controlled
and calibrated according to;

• An officially recognised standard.

• At a predetermined frequency as laid down in MOE

to ensure continued accuracy.

• Calibration records and traceability to the utilised

calibration standards must be retained.
CALIBRATION PERIODS
Part 145.A.40 Equipment, Tools and
Material
EASA PART 145.A.42

ACCEPTANCE OF
COMPONENTS
 145.A.42 ACC’PT OF
COMPONENTS
• (a) All components will be classified &
segregated into the following categories;

• Serviceable.
• Un-serviceable.
• Unsalvageable.
• Standard Parts
• Raw and consumable.
RAW/CONSUMABLE MATERIALS
USED IN MAINTENANCE
• Organisation must ensure traceability
and correct specification.

• Clear and concise documentation

relating to material and conformity to
specification.

• Manufacturer and supplier information.

 ACCEPTANCE OF COMPONENTS

• (b) Before fitting any component to an

A/C the organisation shall ensure the
component is eligible to be fitted to the

aircraft when different mod and/or

airworthiness standards may apply.
 ACCEPTANCE OF
COMPONENTS
• (c) The organisation may fabricate
a limited range of parts to be
used in ongoing work at its own
facilities provided the
procedures are identified in the
MOE.

• Only if it is part of a repair scheme

 FABRICATION
• Permission to fabricate does not mean
you can go into the fabrication
business.

• You can only fabricate for A/C via an

MOE procedure agreed by the CA and
only for A/C going through
maintenance in your own facility.

• Fabrication of parts for onward supply

or sale is not permitted by 145
organisation.
 145.A.42 ACCEPTANCE OF
COMPONENTS
• (d) Components which have reached
their certified life limit (LLP’s) or contain
a none repairable defect shall be classified
as unsalvageable and not permitted to
re-enter the component supply chain.
• Q; Under what conditions can they re-
enter supply chain?

• If certified life limits have been

extended or a repair solution has been
approved under Pt 21.
 Part 145.A.42 Acceptance of Components

(b) Prior to installation of a component, the

organisation shall ensure that the particular
component is eligible to be fitted when
different modification and/or airworthiness
directive standards may be applicable.

ATR 72 with 400 kg in each wing with correct gauges

ATR 72 with 400 kg in each wing with incorrect gauges

 Part 145.A.40 Equipment, Tools and Material

Locally manufactured tools used in maintenance

work on Alaska Air 261 contributed to the failure of
the screw jack.
EASA PART 145.A.45

MAINTENANCE DATA
145.A.45 MAINTENANCE DATA
• (a) The organisation shall hold and
use applicable and current data
when performing maintenance,
modifications and repairs.

• Applicable means; relevant to any

A/C or component specified in the
MOE (ratings) and any associated
capability listing.
 MAINTENANCE DATA

• Operator supplied data must be

held by the maintenance
organisation while all work is in
progress on any operator
equipment.
 MAINTENANCE DATA
• (b) For the purposes of this part
applicable maintenance data shall
be any of the following;
• 1. Any applicable requirement,
procedure, operational directive
or information issued by the
competent authority responsible
for the A/C or component.
 MAINTENANCE DATA
• 2. Any applicable A/D issued by the
authority with responsibility of A/C or
component.
• 3. Instruction for continuing
airworthiness issued by type certification
holder or;
• Supplemental type certificate holder
or;
• Other organisations required to
publish such data under Pt 21.
 MAINTENANCE DATA
• 3 Cont….
In the case of A/C or
components from 3rd countries the
airworthiness data mandated by
the authority with
responsibility for the oversight of
the A/C or component.
• Mandate means “authorised”
 MAINTENANCE DATA
• 4. Any applicable standard such
as, but not limited to maintenance
standard practices recognised
by the Agency as a good
standard for maintenance.

• 5. Any applicable data i.a.w Para

(d)
 MAINTENANCE DATA
• (c) The Organisation shall
develop procedures to ensure
that if any of the following are
found in Maintenance Data by
maintenance personnel that they
are recorded and notified to the
author of that information;
 ERRORS
• Inaccurate, incomplete or ambiguous:

• Procedures

• Practice

• Information

• maintenance instruction
 145.A.45 MAINTENANCE DATA
• (d) The Organisation may only
modify maintenance instructions
i.a.w with a procedure specified in
the MOE.
• The Organisation must show that
such changes equal or improve
maintenance standards and must
notify type certificate holders of
such changes.
 145.A.45 MAINTENANCE DATA

• (d) Cont……
Maintenance Instructions for the
purpose of this part means;

• The instructions on how to carry out

the particular maintenance task but
exclude engineering design of repair
and modifications.
 145.A.45 MAINTENANCE DATA
• (e) The Organisation shall provide a
common work card or worksheet system
to be used throughout relevant parts of
the Organisation.

• Additionally the Organisation shall

either transcribe MD Para (b), (d) onto
work card or worksheets or make exact
reference to the maintenance task or
tasks contained in MD.
 145.A.45 MAINTENANCE DATA
• (e) Cont…
• Work cards and sheets may be computer
generated, held on electronic database
but must be safeguarded and backed up.
• Backup electronic database must be
updated every 24 hours.
• Complex maintenance tasks shall be
transcribed onto work card or sheets
and subdivided into clear stages to
ensure a record of accomplishment of
the complete maintenance task.
145.A.45 MAINTENANCE DATA

• Where the Organisation provides

maintenance to an aircraft operator
who wants to use their own work
card or worksheets system to be
used during maintenance, then this
is allowed.

PROVIDING THAT….
 MAINTENANCE DATA

• (f) The Organisation ensures that all

applicable maintenance data is readily
available when required by the
maintenance personnel.
145.A.45 MAINTENANCE DATA
• (g) That the organisation
establishes a procedure to ensure
that all maintenance data it
controls is kept up to date.
• In the case of operator/customer
controlled and provided data the
Organisation shall be able to
demonstrate either…
145.A.45 MAINTENANCE DATA
• It has written confirmation that
all MD are up to date. (Tech Pubs)
• Work order specifying the
amendment status of MD to be
used. (customer)
• Or can demonstrate that it is on
the operator/customer MD
amendment list.
 Box of Standards concept
• MPD
• AMM, SRM, IPC
• AD / SB
Any work or
• Drawings/Specifications
certification made
• Flight Manual outside of the
• Aircraft & Component Manuals approved standards
Standards
Standards
• Modifications exposes the
• Inspection & Test schedules individual,
organisation and the
• Concessions, Deviations &
product..
Variations
• EASA Part 145 – MOE
 EASA PART 145.A.47

PRODUCTION PLANNING
145.A.47 PRODUCTION PLANNING
• (a) The Organisation shall have a
system capable of handling the
amount and complexity of work to
plan the availability of all;
• Personnel & tools.
• Equipment & materials.
• Maintenance Data & facilities in
order to complete the work safely.
 PRODUCTION PLANNING
• (b) The maintenance planning shall take
into consideration human performance
limitations.

• (c) When required to hand over continuatio

or completion of maintenance tasks for
shift or personnel changes all relevant
information should be exchanged by
incoming and outgoing personnel.
 Effective task handover
should consist of:

The Senior person

updates Period of
preparation by Face to face
themselves with handover
work status outgoing
personnel between outgoing The most effective way
within the team and incoming to communicate
personnel information is for the
incoming and outgoing
personnel to go over the
task issues while
examining the tasks at
the workplace.
EASA PART 145.A.50

CERTIFICATION OF
MAINTENANCE
145.A.50 CERTIFICATION OF
MAINTENANCE
• (a) A CRS shall be issued by
authorised certifying staff when it
has been confirmed that all
*verified maintenance has been
carried out i.a.w MOE procedures
• *VERIFIED =
CONFIRMED/ESTABLISHED/DEMONSTRATED
 145.A.50 CERT OF
MAINTENANCE
• (a) Cont……
CRS issues shall be in
compliance with 145.A.45 (MD)
and that there are no known
none-compliances that seriously
hazard any form of flight safety.
See AMC 145.A.50(a)
 145.A.50 CERT OF
MAINTENANCE

• (b) A CRS shall be issued before

flight of the A/C only on completion
of all maintenance undertakings.
 145.A.50 CERT OF
MAINTENANCE
• (c) New defects or incomplete
maintenance work orders
identified during maintenance
shall be brought to the attention of
the A/C operator to obtain
agreement of when to rectify the
outstanding work.
 145.A.50 CERT OF
MAINTENANCE
• (d) A CRS shall be issued on completion
of work to a component whilst off
the A/C.
• The EASA Form 1 constitutes the
component CRS.
• When an Organisation keeps a
component for its own use a F1
release may not be needed dependant
upon the Organisations internal release
procedures as defined in MOE.
 145.A.50 CERT OF MAINT
• (e) As laid down in Para (a) when an
Organisation is unable to
complete all maintenance ordered
it may issue a CRS only within
the approved aircraft limitations.

• The Organisation shall enter such

facts in the A/C CRS before the issue
of such certificate.
 145.A.50 CERT OF MAINTENANCE
• (f) As laid down in Para a and 145.A.42 when an
A/C is grounded away from main line station
/main maintenance base due to none availability
of component with correct CRS the following
is permissible whichever is reached the soonest;
• Temporary fit of component without correct CRS
for a period of 30 flight hours,
OR
• Until the A/C returns to its main line base or
main maintenance base.
BUT……
 145.A.50 CERT OF MAINTENANCE
• (f) Only with A/C operator agreement
and the component having a suitable
release certificate but otherwise in
compliance with all applicable
maintenance and operational
requirements.

• Such components shall be removed in

time limit unless an appropriate CRS has
been obtained in the mean time under
145.A.42.
EASA PART 145.A.55

TECHNICAL RECORDS
145.A.55 MAINTENANCE RECORDS
• (a) The Organisation shall record all
maintenance details of work carried
out.

• It shall retain *necessary records to

prove that all requirements have been
met for CRS, including all associated
sub-contractor release documents.
• NECESSARY = ESSENTIAL/NEEDED
145.A.55 MAINTENANCE RECORDS
• (b) The Organisation shall provide a
copy of each CRS to the A/C
operator together with a copy of
any specific approved repair or
modification data used for any
repair or modification carried out.
145.A.55 MAINTENANCE RECORDS

• (c) The Organisation shall retain a

copy of maintenance records
and any associated MD for 3
years from the date the A/C or
component was released from
the Organisation.
145.A.55 MAINTENANCE RECORDS
1. All records under this Paragraph shall
be stored in a safe way with regard to;
• Fire, flood & theft.

2. Computer back up tapes shall be stored

in a different location from the working
discs/tapes in a location that ensures
they remain in good condition.
145.A.55 MAINTENANCE RECORDS
3. Where an Organisation approved under
this part terminates its operation all
retained maintenance records covering
the last 2 years shall be distributed to
the last owner or customer of the
respective A/C or component or shall be
stored as specified by the competent
authority.
 EASA PART 145.A.60

OCCURRENCE REPORTING
145.A.60 OCCURRENCE REPORTING
• (a) The Organisation shall report any condition
of the A/C or component that has resulted in
or may result in any unsafe condition that
seriously hazards flight safety, this
information should be reported to;
See AMC 145.A.50(a)
• The competent authority.
• The state of registry of the A/C.
• A/C or component design organisation.
OCCURRENCE REPORTING
145.A.60 OCCURRENCE REPORTING
• (b) The Organisation shall establish
an internal occurrence reporting
system as detailed in the MOE.

• This system is to enable the

collection & evaluation of such
reports including assessment and
extraction of all occurrences to be
reported under Para (a).
145.A.60 OCCURRENCE REPORTING
• (b) Cont………..
This procedure shall identify adverse
trends, corrective actions taken or to
be taken to address deficiencies and
include evaluation of all known
relevant information relating to such
occurrences and a method to
circulate the information as needed.
 ADVERSE TREND EXAMPLES

• Flying through severe turbulence (CA

• Heavy landings.

• Engine shut downs in flight.

• Pilots windscreens flying out at 30,000ft.

 145.A.60 OCCURRENCE REPORTING
• (c) The Organisation shall make
such reports in a form and manner
established by the Agency to
ensure that they contain all
pertinent information about the
condition and evaluation known to
the Organisation.
145.A.60 OCCURRENCE REPORTING

• (d) When contracted by commercial

operators to perform
maintenance the Organisation
shall also inform the operator of
any such condition affecting the
A/C or component.
145.A.60 OCCURRENCE REPORTING
• (e) The Organisation shall
produce and submit such
reports ASAP but in any case
within a period not exceeding
72 hours of the Organisation
identifying such conditions.
 EASA PART 145.A.65

SAFETY & QUALITY POLICY

MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
AND QUALITY SYSTEM
145.A.65 SAFETY & QUALITY POLICY, MTC
PROCEDURES AND QUALITY SYSTEM
• (a) The Organisation shall establish a
safety and quality policy to be
included in the MOE under 145.A.70.
AND….
• (b) Establish procedures agreed by the
competent authority taking into
account Human Factors and Human
Performance to ensure good
maintenance practices
AND….
 145.A.65 SAFETY & Q – MTC
PROCEDURES & Q SYSTEM

• (b) Cont ….
Compliance with this part shall
include a clear work order or
contract ensuring that A/C &
components are released to service
i.a.w. 145.A.50.
 145.A.65 SAFETY & Q – MTC
PROCEDURES & Q SYSTEM

1. The maintenance procedures under

this paragraph apply to;

• 145.A.25 (Facilities).

THROUGH

• 145.A.95 (Findings).
 145.A.65
3. With regard to A/C line & base maintenance
procedures to minimise the risk of
multiple errors and capture errors on critical
systems ensuring that no person is
required to carry out and inspect a
maintenance task involving some elements of
disassembly/reassembly of several
components of the same type fitted to more
than one system on the same A/C during a
maintenance check.
 145.A.65
• 3 Cont ….
When only one person may be
available to do these tasks then
the Organisations work card and
work sheet shall include an
additional stage for re-inspection of
the work by the person after
completion of all the same tasks.
 145.A.65
• 4. Maintenance procedures shall be
established to ensure that
damage is assessed and
modifications and repairs are carried
out using data approved by the
Agency or by an approved Part 21
design organisation as
appropriate.
 145.A.65
• (c) The Organisation shall establish a
quality system that includes the
following;
1. Independent audits to monitor
compliance with required A/C and A/C
component standards.
• Ensuring that such procedures *invoke
good maintenance practises and result
in airworthy aircraft and components.
*INVOKE = BRING INTO PLAY
 145.A.65
1. Cont ….
In smaller Organisations the Independent
audit of the quality system may be
contracted out to another approved
organisation or to a person with
appropriate technical knowledge and
proven audit experience.

AND
 145.A.65
• 2. A quality feedback reporting system
to the person or group of persons
specified in 145.A.30(b) and ultimately
to the accountable manager that ensures
proper & timely corrective action is
taken in response to reports resulting
from the independent audits
established to meet paragraph (1).
 EASA PART 145.A.70

MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION
EXPOSITION
 145.A.70 MOE
• (a) MOE means the document or
documents containing material outlining
the scope of work *deemed to
constitute the approval and showing how
the Organisation will comply with this part.
*DEEMED = AGREED
• The Organisation shall provide the
competent authority with an MOE
containing a description of the company
and the following information;
 145.A.70 MOE
• 1. Accountable manager statement
confirms the MOE & any referenced
associated manuals define the Org’s
compliance with this part and will be
complied with at all times.

• If the AM is not the CEO of the Org then

the CEO will countersign the
statement.
 145.A.70 MOE
2. The Organisations safety & quality
policy as specified in 145.A.65.
3. The title(s) & name(s) of persons
nominated under 145.A.30(b).
4. Duties & responsibilities of persons
nominated under 145.A.30(b),
including matters with which they may
deal directly with the competent
authority.
 145.A.70 MOE
5. An Organisational chart showing
responsibility between persons
nominated under 145.A.30(b).
6. A list of C & B1 & B2 support staff.
7. A general description of manpower
resources.
8. A general description of facilities
located at each address specified on
the Organisations approval certificate.
ORGANISATIONAL CHART
 145.A.70 MOE
9. A specification of the Org’s scope of work
relevant to the extent of the approval.
10.Notification procedure of 145.A.85 for
organisational changes.
11.The MOE amendment procedure.
12.The procedures and quality system
established by the Org under 145.A.25 to
145.A.90.
 145.A.70 MOE
13. A list of commercial operators,
where applicable, to which the
Organisation provides aircraft
maintenance service.
14. A list of subcontracted
organisations, where applicable
as specified under 145.A.75(b).
 145.A.70 MOE

16. A list of line stations, where

applicable, as specified in
145.A.75(d).

17. A list of contracted organisations

where possible.
 145.A.70 MOE
• (b) The MOE shall be amended as
necessary to remain an up to date
description of the Org.

• The exposition and any

subsequent amendment shall be
approved by the competent
authority.
 145.A.70 MOE

• (c) Notwithstanding paragraph (b)

minor amendments to the
exposition may be approved through
an exposition procedure this is
called an;
• “Indirect approval”
Quality System
Cert
(145.A.65c) Staff
(145.A.35)

Personnel
(145.A.30)

Maintenance M.O.E
Data (145.A.45) (145.A.70)

Certification of Equipment, Tools

Maintenance & Materials
(145.A.50) (145.A.40)
Acceptance of Occurrence Scope of Production
Components Reporting Work Planning
(145.A.42) (145.A.60a) (145.A.10) (145.A.47)
Maintenance Management Term of Error
Records (145.A.30b) Approval Management
(145.A.55) (145.A.20) (145.A.60b)

Safety and Quality Policy Facility Requirements Maintenance

(145.A.30a & .65a) (145.A.25) Procedures
(145.A.65b)

Part 145.A.30 (b.3)

Accountable Manager
The managers are responsible for ensuring that
EASA PART 145.A 75

PRIVALAGES OF THE
ORGANISATION
145.A.75 PRIVALAGES OF THE
ORGANISATION
• I.A.W the MOE the Organisation
will be entitled to carry out the
following tasks;
• (a) Maintain A/C and or A/C
components for which it is
approved at the locations
identified in the approval
certificate in the MOE.
 PRIVALAGES
• (b) Arrange for maintenance of any A/C or
component for which it is approved at
another organisation that is working under
the quality system of the organisation.
• This refers to work being carried out by
an organisation not appropriately
approved itself to carry out such
maintenance under this part and is
limited to work scope permitted under
145.A.65(b).
 145.A.75 PRIVALAGES
• (c) Maintain an A/C or component
for which it is approved at any
location subject to the need for
such maintenance arising either
from the un-serviceability of the
A/C or from the necessity of
supporting occasional line
maintenance subject to the
conditions specified in the MOE
 145.A.75 PRIVALAGES
• (d) Maintain any A/C and/or
component for which it is
approved at a location identified as
a line maintenance location capable
of supporting minor maintenance
but only if the MOE both permits
such activity and lists such
locations.
 PRIVALAGES

• (e) Issue CRS certificates in

respect of completion of
maintenance i.a.w 145.A.50.
EASA PART 145.A.80

LIMITATIONS TO THE
ORGANISATION
 145.A.80 LIMITATION OF
THE ORGANISATION
• The Organisation shall only
maintain an aircraft or component
for which it is approved when all
necessary facilities, equipment,
tooling, material, maintenance
data and certifying staff are
available.
EASA PART 145.A.85

CHANGES TO THE
ORGANISATION
145.A.85 CHANGES TO THE ORG
• The Organisation shall notify the CA
of any proposal to carry out any of
the following changes before any
such changes take place.

• This procedure will ensure continued

compliancy with this part.
 CHANGES TO THE
ORGANISATION
• If necessary the approval certificate
will be amended accordingly to reflect
such changes,

EXCEPT ….

• In the case of proposed personnel

changes not known at that time. These
changes should be notified at the
earliest opportunity.
 145.A.85 CHANGES TO THE
ORGANISATION
1. The name of the organisation.
2. The main location of the organisation.
3. Additional locations of the Organisation.
4. The accountable manager.
5. Any person nominated under
145.A.30(b).
6. The facilities, equipment, tools,
materials, procedures, work scope or
certifying staff that could affect the
proposal.
EASA PART 145.A.90

CONTINUED VALIDITY
145.A.90 CONTINUED VALIDITY
• (a) An approval shall be issued for an
unlimited duration and shall remain
valid subject to the following;
1.The Organisation remaining in
compliance with this part i.a.w with
the provisions related to the
handling of findings as specified
under 145.B.40, AND ….
145.A.90 CONTINUED VALIDITY
2. The CA being granted access to the
Organisation to determine continued
compliance with this part,
AND ….
3. The certificate not being surrender or
revoked.

• (b) Upon surrender or revocation, the

approval shall be returned to the CA.
EASA PART 145.A.95

FINDINGS
 145.A.95 FINDINGS
• (a) A level 1 finding is a significant
none – compliance with Pt 145
which lowers the safety standard
& seriously hazards flight safety.
• (b) A level 2 finding is a none –
compliance with Pt 145 which
could lower the safety standards &
possibly hazard flight safety.
 145.A.95 FINDINGS

• (c) After receipt of a finding

according to 145.B.50 the holder of
the MOE shall define a corrective
action plan and demonstrate
corrective action to the satisfaction
of the CA within an agreed time
frame.
 CONCLUSION
• THANK YOU ALL FOR LISTENING &
NOT FALLING ASLEEP

• YOU ARE NOW ALL EXPERTS ON

THE MEANINGS AND INTENTS OF
EASA PART 145