UNIVERSIDADE DA PAZ

Lesson 3
The parts of speech in English
ENGLISH I FOR 1st SEMESTRE

(Engineering Department)

Guiding by: C.M

 LESSON 1

The Part of specch In English Language

 As it is also the case in many other languages, in English, every single word belongs to a
particular category or class. These groups are then called parts of speech and describe
the grammatical meaning of every single word in a sentence. In this way, an adjective, for example,
refers to a noun or pronoun and adds more information to it.
Katak, hanesan iha lian sira seluk, nune’e mos iha Lian Ingles, liafuan ida-idak hola parte ba categoria ou classe particular ida. Grupo
ne’e mak ema hanaran PART OF SPEECH (classes gramaticais) no descrvebe sentido (no nia funsaun) grammatical husi lia-fuan ida-idak
iha sentensa nia laran.
 Being able to determine the part of speech of a word is essential, as every word has to fulfill a
specific task in a clause. If that task is not known, a correct sentence or statement cannot be formed
correctly and so may lead to problems in understanding. Even though the determination of parts of
speech in simple sentences does not appear to be very difficult, it can be quite complicated in
complex sentences.
Katak iha processo de conhecimento ne’e, capacidade atu determina classe grammatical de frase) husi kada liafuan ne’e essencial,
katak liafuan ida-idak tenke prienxe tarefa/função específico iha clausa ida. Se funsaun ne’e ita la hatene maka frase ka estatemento
correto ida labele forma corretamente no sei lori ita ba problema ih conhecimento.
 A.10 GROUP OF THE PART OF SPEECH
(Os10 grupos da Classe Gramatical)
The English language offers ten parts of speech. For reasons of
a comprehensive illustration of the parts of speech, they are divided into all ten groups
in the following. Compare with examples:
(Lian Inglesa oferese classe grammatical 10 be contein constituisaun da frase (tuir ida-idak nia funsaun). Ho razao de
compreensao ilustrativa sobre clase grammatical, hafahe ba grupo 10 mak tuir mai ne’e no compara ho exemplo sira)

1. Nouns: house, car, book, pen, man, president, woman, boy, computer, magazine, mountain,
fun, car, people, Lucio etc
2. Pronouns: I, you, he, his, theirs, ourselves, its

3. Adjectives: big, small, old, new, beautiful, ugly, fat, slim, hot, cold, interesting, boring,
marvellous, fantastic, fast, nice, exciting, lazy, crazy etc.

4. Verbs: run, walk, study, think, go, stay, read, write, send, live, listen, speak, talk, go, fly, know,
decorate, understand, make, ect.
Cont..
5. Adverbs:
 interestingly, hardly, sometimes, just, 9. Interjections:
very, too, soon, just, etc.
 really,well, oh dear, alright,
6. Prepositions: ouch, wow
 under, on, in, across, by
10. Numerals:
7. Articles or determiners:  fifteen, zero, second, twenty-
 a, an, the first
8. Conjunctions:
 and, because, but, so, or but, or, and,
because, although, as, if, in order to, so
as to, despite, in spite of, however (no
entanto), otherwise (caso contrário)
 1. NOUN
What is a noun?
 Nouns are naming words. (Nomes dão nome às palavras)
 They name people/person, place,thing/objects. (dar nome às
pessoas, lugares e objetos)
 They can also name ideas, emotions, qualities and activities
(tambem dao nome as ideias, emoção, qualidades e
atividades).
 Here are some examples of nouns:
Juan, Lina, driver, sister, friend, Justice, angels, water, Timor
Leste, Papua, Jaco island, bag, dog, honey, Love, Wife, coffee,
nature, suffer, poor.
 Types of noun

 All nouns can be divided into common and proper nouns.

(tudo o nome pode divider-se em: nome/substantivo comum e
substantive proprio )
 Common nouns can then be divided into countable and
uncountable nouns. (O substantive comum divide-se em
contável e incontável)
 Both countable and uncountable nouns can then be further
divided into concrete and abstract nouns. (pois, ambos
(contavel e incontavel) dividem-se em substantivo abstrato e
concreto.

We’ll look at each type in turn (vimos em cada tipo seguinte):

 First, look again at those types and
how they relate !
(Primeiro, vejam outra vez nestes tipos e como eles se relacionam!)

proper Abstract

Countable
Noun Concrete

Abstract
Common
Uncountable
Concrete
 Exercise 1
 Find the nouns in the following sentence: (Remember!...a noun is a
person, place, thing, or idea)
1. Lino and Grecia have a son. (Lina e Grecia têm um filho)
2. There are many people in this classroom who are missing assignments.
(Ai tem muitas pessoas nesta sala de aula que nao fazem o trabalho (tpc)
3. I am ready for Thanksgiving.
(Estou pronto para o agradecimento)
4. The man in the mirror was no one but himself.
(O homem dentro do espelho nao foi outro mas ele mesmo)
5. I have never been so upset in my life!
(Eu nunva sentia triste na minha vida)
 Cont…Exercise 1
 Find the nouns in the sentences bellow and identify the its types
1. Elon Musk is a famous engineer in contemporary era.
2. Paris is known as the city of love.
3. The Great Wall of China is a historical monument.
4. Arrogance will lead you to ignorance.
5. Honesty is the best policy.
6. Always speak the truth.
7. Engineer is the agent of community transformation.
8. Wisdom is better then riches
9. Even you are a best engineer, you can’t pump the ocean dry.
10. Old habits die hard.
 Lesson II
Pronoun
(Pronome)
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns.
 The most frequently used pronouns are called personal pronouns.
They refer to people or things.
 Example:

1. Mark----He
2. Mary-----She
3. Mark and Mary-----They
4. World Bank-------It
5. Eiffel Tower----it
 PRONOUN TYPES:
Possessive: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, whose,
theirs
Demonstrative: this, that, these, those
Objective: me, you, him, her, it, us, whom, them
Subjective: I, you, he, she, it, we, who, they
Reflexive: myself, yourself, himself, herself,
ourselves, themselves
Indefinite: anybody, everybody, nobody, somebody
Cont. PRONOUNS
 The noun to which the pronoun refers is called the antecedent.
 For example:
1. Maria got off work at seven, then he went home.
(Maria terminou o trabalho as 7 horas depois foi a casa)
He=pronoun Allen=antecedent
2. Pedro is a very bright student; she is the student of the year.
(Pedro é um estudante brilhante, ele é estudante do ano)
She=pronouns Maria=antecedent
 PRACTICE
Identify the pronouns in the following sentences:
1. They have never been so happy.
2. It was a really good day today.
3. She was upset with herself for failing it.
4. You and I should take a walk.
5. The candy is neither yours nor mine.
*Your turn! Write 2 sentences and identify the pronouns in the
sentences.