Module 5 - Computer Hardware and Basic PC Troubleshooting WIP

BASIC COMPUTER
HARDWARE, NETWORKING &

TROUBLESHOOTING
Free Public Internet Access Program
Police Regional Office 7

November 28 – December 2, 2022
COURSE OBJECTIVES
At the end of this course, the participants would be able to:
Identify the ten (10) computer major parts

Learn how to assemble, disassemble, and start up the computer
system
Learn the basic personal computer (PC) diagnostic,
troubleshooting and maintenance practices
Define computer networks and/or networking
Identify the different types of networking devices
Identify the common network types and topologies
Assemble Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable and understand the RJ-
45 wiring standards
OVERVIEW
A computer system is made of:
HARDWA SOFTWA
RE
physical components
RE
programs or list of
COMPUT instructions
ER
MAJOR
PARTS
Images from Google Images
COMPUTER OVERVIEW
MAJOR
PARTS
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Computer Games, Power point,
Word processor, Database
Internet Browsers
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Operating Software
HARDWARE.
Motherboard, Processors
Graphics Card, Hdd Memory module
etc.

SYSTEM UNIT
▶ It is the main part of the computer system.
▶ It houses the Central Processing Unit (CPU),

motherboard, memory, storage devices, expansion
cards and the power supply.
COMPUT
ER
MAJOR
PARTS
COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT
MAJOR
PARTS
Video Card
System Fan
Heat Sink with fan

Hard Drive
Power Supply
Optical Drive
Motherboard
Processors (CPU)
Memory Modules

COMPUTER MAJOR PARTS
▶ Casing
▶ Motherboard
▶ Graphics Card
COMPUT ▶ Monitor
▶ Keyboard and mouse
ER ▶ Hard Disk Drive
MAJOR ▶ Processor (CPU)

▶ Memory Module
PARTS ▶ DVD/CD ROM Drive
▶ Power Supply Unit
CASING
▶ It is a heavy metal shell that slides tightly into place

over a metal frame that holds the computer
motherboard and the internal device attached to it.
COMPUT
ER
MAJOR
PARTS Tower-type Desktop

MOTHERBOARD
▶ It is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in the

computer and is sometimes referred to as the system
board or mainboard.
▶ This contains the important internal computer
COMPUT components such as the Central Processing Unit

(CPU), RAM, BIOS and Ports that controls and
connects all the peripheral devices installed in the
ER computer to perform as one system.
MAJOR
PARTS
COMPUTER PARTS OF A
MAJOR
PARTS MOTHERBOARD
PCI –E PCI CMOS battery PCI-E Northbridge
slot 16x slot 1x
ATX 12Volts
USB
external Socket
connection Processor
FAN
Connection
Memory
Slot
Front Panel
connection
SATA IDE ATX main FLOPPY
Southbridge
connection connection power supply connection
MONITOR
▶ It displays video and graphical information

generated by the computers graphics adapter,
allowing the user to interact with the computer. It is
categorized as an output device.
COMPUT
ER
MAJOR
PARTS
GRAPHICS CARD
▶ Also called as video card, is used to process images

so they can be displayed on your monitor. A good
video card can make a big difference in the quality
of your graphics.
COMPUT
ER
MAJOR
PARTS
COMPUTER VIDEO CARD
MAJOR
PARTS OUTPUTS
HDMI VGA DVI

(High Definition Multimedia (Video Graphics Array) (Digital Video Interface)
Interface) is a specification Analog standard from the late Designed for digital displays
that combines video and 1980s, it was designed for such as LCDs, plasma
audio into a single CRT displays screens and video projectors
digital interface

KEYBOARD and MOUSE
▶ A keyboard is an input device that allows the user to

enter instructions and information into a computer.
COMPUT
ER ▶ A mouse is an input device that
controls the movement of the
MAJOR cursor or pointer and enables the
user to move and select items
PARTS that are displayed on the
monitor.
HARD DISK DRIVE
▶ The Hard Disk Drive is the main storage device

where we install our operating system, applications,
and store your documents.
▶ This is located in the system unit.
COMPUT
ER
MAJOR
PARTS IDE HDD SATA HDD

COMPUTER HARD DISK DRIVE
MAJOR
PARTS
IDE HDD SATA HDD

• Cheaper • More expensive
• Less power • Consume more power
• 100MBs or 133 MB/s • 1200MB/s
• Big bulky cables that restrict airflow • Smaller cables
when left untucked • 18000 RPM
• 7200 RPM

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
▶ CPU, or simply processor, is the main brain of the

computer. It handles all the instructions you give
your computer.
 Carry out processing
COMPUT
 Read instruction and data from memory
 Communicate with peripherals
 Perform arithmetic calculation
ER
MAJOR
PARTS
MEMORY MODULE
▶ RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is the

“memory” inside the computer wherein the operating
system, application programs and data are
temporarily kept.
COMPUT DDR SDRAM 184 pins Capacity: 32 to 256 megabits (not available)
ER
MAJOR DDR2 SDRAM 240 pins Capacity: 256 megabits to 2 gigabits
PARTS
DDR3 Memory Module Capacity: 512 megabits to 8 gigabits
OPTICAL DRIVE
▶ Compact Disc (CD)
COMPUT
▶ Digital Video Disc (DVD)
ER
MAJOR
PARTS
COMPUTER OPTICAL DISK DRIVE
MAJOR
PARTS
•can only be read, but not recorded to

CD •used to store programs and data files
Compact Disc •Maximum capacity: 650 MB
• high capacity, optical storage device

DVD • store large amount of information
Digital Video Disc | Digital Versatile Disc • larger and faster than CD
DVD-RAM, •
DVD-
maximum capacity: 4.7GB (single-layer,
DVD-RW, single-sided)
DVD-R/RW • maximum capacity: 17GB (double-layer,
R Can be written
multiple times
double-sided)
Once-recordable
COMPUTER Optical DISK DRIVE
MAJOR
PARTS
Types of Optical Disc Drive connection interface
IDE SATA
Integrated Drive Electronics Serial Advanced Technology
Attachment

POWER SUPPLY
▶ It is a transformer that change 220 volt of AC form

power line into 5 & 12 volt of DC for the
components of the computers.
COMPUT
ER
MAJOR ▶ Take note of the proper connector for each of these
PARTS components. The 24-pin and 4-pin cables should be
connected to the motherboard
COMPUTER MAJOR PARTS
processor monitor
motherboard hard disk drive
keyboard & mouse casing

memory module
optical drive video card

power supply unit
CABLE ASSEMBLY
▶ Power Cables (2)
ASSEMB
LY AND
STARTUP

CABLE ASSEMBLY
▶ VGA Cable
ASSEMB
LY AND
STARTUP

CABLE ASSEMBLY
▶ Wired Mouse
ASSEMB
LY AND
STARTUP

CABLE ASSEMBLY
▶ Wired Keyboard
ASSEMB
LY AND
STARTUP

CABLE ASSEMBLY
▶ Headset/ Speaker/ Microphone
ASSEMB
LY AND
STARTUP

CABLE ASSEMBLY
▶ LAN/ Network Cable
ASSEMB
LY AND
STARTUP

HOW TO ASSEMBLE CABLES?
▶ Connect all cables according to their correct ports or

socket.
▶ Make sure that cables are well placed, and not lose.
ASSEMB ▶ Make sure that cables have no holes, damage, open

parts, and not overheating while the device is
powered on.
LY AND
▶ Make it a habit to clean the cable installation
STARTUP
ASSEMBLING AND DISASSEMBLING TOOLS
▶ Required tools:
 Phillips head screwdriver
 Socket driver
 Knife
 Diagonal cutters
ASSEMB  Multitester
▶ Optional/Useful tools
LY AND  Anti-static wrist strap
 Needle/long nose pliers
STARTUP  Forceps (handy for moving jumpers; picking-up
screws dropped in a case)
 Anti-static mats
ASSEMBLING COMPUTER SYSTEM
1. Prepare the computer case with power supply

2. Install the motherboard
3. Mount the CPU
4. Attach memory module
5. Insert and secure video card to the motherboard slot
ASSEMB
6. Install computer internal drives (hard disk drive, DVD or
CD ROM)
7. Connect the power supply (motherboard, CPU fan, hard
LY AND 8.
disk drive, DVD or CD ROM)
Connect IDE/SATA cable, front panel wires (USB, power
STARTUP
switch, reset, HDD LED, speaker, microphone)
9. Attach peripherals to back panel
10. Perform post-assembly check
ASSEMBLY 1. PREPARE THE
AND
STARTUP COMPUTER CASE
▶ Remove the case from the box and examine it for dents or any other visible damage.
▶ If the case comes with a power supply, thoroughly inspect power supply and power
supply cables.

ASSEMBLY 2. INSTALL COMPUTER
AND
STARTUP MOTHERBOARD
▶ Check to see that system board is intact and that there are
no damaged components.
▶ Open the case.
▶ Lay down the motherboard on the metallic plate and check

which holes from the metallic plate match the holes on the
motherboard.
▶ Take the screw nuts and install them on all the plate holes
that matched a hole on the motherboard.
▶ Lay down the motherboard on the metallic plate again,

placing a screw on every motherboard hole that matches a
nut that you've installed.

ASSEMBLY 3. MOUNT THE
AND
STARTUP COMPUTER PROCESSOR
▶ Install the computer processor (CPU) into the socket, taking care not to bend any pins. Notched
corners of the processor should match the notched corners of the socket
▶ The CPU should just drop into the socket without any resistance.
▶ Ensure that the CPU is sitting properly in the socket and then lock the lever back down.
▶ Apply thermal grease on the CPU before mounting the fan.
▶ Fasten the cooling fan supporting base onto the CPU socket on the motherboard.
▶ Make sure the CPU Fan is plugged to the CPU connector.

ASSEMBLY 4. ATTACH THE
AND
STARTUP MEMORY MODULE
▶ Insert the module into an available expansion socket.
▶ Firmly press the module into position, making certain the module is completely
seated in the socket. The ejector tabs at each end of the socket will automatically
snap into the locked position.

ASSEMBLY 5. INSERT AND
AND
STARTUP SECURE VIDEO CARD
▶ Remove the expansion slot cover from ▶ Install Video Card in the PCIe slot. Press
the computer case. down firmly and evenly across the top of
the Card until it is securely seated in the
slot.

ASSEMBLY 5. INSERT AND
AND
STARTUP SECURE VIDEO CARD
▶ Secure the Card to the computer case using a small screw.

AND
STARTUP INTERNAL DRIVES
▶ For Serial ATA Hard Disk and CD/DVD-
ROM Drives:
 Use the SATA cable that support the Serial

ATA protocol. This SATA cable comes with
an SATA power cable. You can connect
either end of the SATA cable to the SATA
hard drive or the connector on the
motherboard.
 Attach the other cable end to the SATA hard

drive.
 Connect the other end to the power supply.

AND
▶ For Serial ATA Hard Disk and CD/DVD-ROM Drives:
 The SATA power cable replaces the old 4 pin peripheral cable and adds support for 3.3
volts (if fully implemented). The connector is shaped so it can only be plugged in the
correct way.

AND
▶ For IDE Hard Disk and CD/DVD-ROM Drives:
 Connect "4 pin Molex power cable" or "4 pin Molex" to refer to a four pin peripheral
power cable to IDE.

AND
▶ ATX(Advanced Technology Extended) 20+4
pin main power cable:
 Motherboards can come with either a 20 pin

main power connector or a 24 pin main power
connector.
 Many power supplies come with a 20+4 cable

which is compatible with both 20 and 24 pin
motherboards. A 20+4 power cable has two
pieces: a 20 pin piece, and a 4 pin piece.
 NOTE: An incorrectly installed plug will 'burn'

your computer.

ASSEMBLY 7. CONNECT THE POWER
AND
STARTUP SUPPLY
▶ Connect the power cable "ATX12V" or "P4“ to the CPU. This has two black and two
yellow wires.

ASSEMBLY 8. CONNECT IDE/SATA
AND
STARTUP CABLES And
▶ front
Connect your IDE cable topanel wires
your hard drive. This
cable is indexed and can only fit one way into the
drive and the motherboard.
▶ The cable used to connect the hard drive is an 80-

conductor cable.
 The blue connector attaches to the motherboard.

 The black connector attaches to the primary
(master) drive.
 The grey connector attaches to the secondary
(slave) drive.

AND
STARTUP CABLES And
▶ Connect the IDEfront
cable intopanel
the Primarywires
IDE channel connector on the motherboard
and the other end into the connector on the drive.

AND
STARTUP CABLES And
▶ front panel
Locate on your motherboard wires
the front panel
connectors You will install the corresponding
wires that come from the case's front panel to
these connectors.
▶ You will find these following wires:

 Reset switch (no polarity required)
 Power switch (no polarity required),
sometimes also called Standby switch
 Power LED (polarity required), sometimes
also called Message LED
 HDD LED (polarity required)
 Speaker (polarity required)

ASSEMBLY 9. CONNECT COMPUTER
AND
STARTUP PERIPHERAL
TO
PS/2 ports: attaching
keyboard and mouse
PS/2 BACK PANEL
Power supply: standard 220V-

Serial port: attaching a mouse or
AC power converts into 12V and
other serial device
5V DC
VGA port: attaching a VGA
Parallel port: connection to a
monitor
printer or other parallel device
USB ports: root hub for
connecting USB-compatible
devices
LAN or MODEM: connection
Audio jacks: microphone, line-out to a local area network or
(speakers/headphones), line-in phoneline
(external CD players)
ASSEMBLY 10. PERFORm POST-
AND
STARTUP ASSEMBLY CHECK
▶ All drive cables and power cables are properly connected.
▶ The CPU heat sink/fan is properly attached and connected to the motherboard.
▶ Check to see that the memory modules are firmly seated in their sockets.
▶ The Power Supply is properly connected to Motherboard.
▶ The 220V switch is set.
▶ Ensure that Video Card and Sound Card are properly installed in slots.
▶ No wires or cables are pinched between components.
▶ Ensure that there are no screws or metal parts stuck on the motherboard to cause a
short-circuit.
▶ Ensure that the peripherals such as keyboard, mouse and monitor are properly
connected to computer and power source.
FIRST TIME SYSTEM BOOT UP
▶ Plug your A/C power cord into a Surge Suppressor

or, better yet, A UPS backup system. A surge
protector will protect your computer from power
surges.
ASSEMB ▶ A UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply) is a

backup system which will constantly provide power
to your computer system and will also protect it
LY AND against surges, spikes and brown-outs. If you have a
UPS, you do not need a surge protector.
STARTUP
THANK YOU

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BASIC COMPUTER

HARDWARE, NETWORKING &

Police Regional Office 7

Identify the ten (10) computer major parts

A computer system is made of:

Images from Google Images

▶ It is the main part of the computer system.

▶ It houses the Central Processing Unit (CPU),

Heat Sink with fan

Images from Google Images

MAJOR ▶ Processor (CPU)

▶ It is a heavy metal shell that slides tightly into place

Images from Google Images

▶ It is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in the

▶ This contains the important internal computer

COMPUT components such as the Central Processing Unit

▶ It displays video and graphical information

▶ Also called as video card, is used to process images

HDMI VGA DVI

Images from Google Images

▶ A keyboard is an input device that allows the user to

▶ The Hard Disk Drive is the main storage device

▶ This is located in the system unit.

Images from Google Images

IDE HDD SATA HDD

Images from Google Images

▶ CPU, or simply processor, is the main brain of the

 Carry out processing

▶ RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is the

▶ Compact Disc (CD)

•can only be read, but not recorded to

• high capacity, optical storage device

Images from Google Images

▶ It is a transformer that change 220 volt of AC form

motherboard hard disk drive

keyboard & mouse casing

optical drive video card

▶ Power Cables (2)

Images from Google Images

Images from Google Images

Images from Google Images

Images from Google Images

▶ Headset/ Speaker/ Microphone

Images from Google Images

▶ LAN/ Network Cable

Images from Google Images

▶ Connect all cables according to their correct ports or

ASSEMB ▶ Make sure that cables have no holes, damage, open

1. Prepare the computer case with power supply

Images from Google Images

▶ Open the case.

▶ Lay down the motherboard on the metallic plate and check

▶ Lay down the motherboard on the metallic plate again,

Images from Google Images

▶ Apply thermal grease on the CPU before mounting the fan.

▶ Make sure the CPU Fan is plugged to the CPU connector.

Images from Google Images

Images from Google Images

Images from Google Images

Images from Google Images