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SHDH 2039 Lecture 1

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51 views23 pages

SHDH 2039 Lecture 1

Uploaded by

daisysintszwai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SHDH 2039

Fundamental
Psychology
for Health
Studies

Lecture 1
The Evolution of Psychology
Lecturer:
What are
your
Expectations?

04/18/2024 2
Lesson Plan

(A) Course Overview


(B) Definition, Aims, & Scope
(C) What do Psychologists do?
(D) Contemporary Perspectives
(E) Conclusion, References, & Web
Resources
(C) Definition, Aims, &
Scope: What?
 Psyche: the human mind
 Includes behaviors and mental processes
 Actions, thoughts, feelings, experiences, etc.

 ~ology: the scientific study


 Systematic (methodical rather than random)
 Objective (rather than subjective)
 Well-controlled (able to isolate the variables we want to
understand)

Psychology is ___empirical__________
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(C) Definition, Aims, &
Scope: What?
• Psychology Aims at…
1) Description: What is happening?

2) Explanation: Why is it happening?

3) _Prediction______: What will happen again?

4) Control / Change: How can it be changed?

04/18/2024 5
(C) Definition, Aims, &
Scope: What?
Social aspects Psychological
• Interpersonal aspects
relationships • Feeling
• Culture • Thinking
• Environment • Behaviors

Biological aspects
Genetics & Brain functioning
People are bio-psychosocial entities
Behaviors: __Have Multiple causes____ & nature-and-nurture
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Lesson Plan

(A) Course Overview


(B) Definition, Aims, & Scope
(C) What do Psychologists do?
(D) Contemporary Perspectives
(E) Conclusion, References, & Web
Resources
(D) What do Psychologists do?
Professional Fields

 Clinical psychologists
 Assess and treat mental disorders

 Counseling psychologists
 Assist those in distress

 Educational psychologists
 Work with schools and students

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(D) What do Psychologists do?
Professional Fields

 Industrial/Organizational psychologists
 Work with business and industry

 Experimental psychologists
 Conduct research in psychology

 _Health______ psychologists
 Work in health-care settings
 Focus more on promotion and prevention

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(D) What do Psychologists do?
Professional Fields

04/18/2024 10
Lesson Plan

(A) Course Overview


(B) Definition, Aims, & Scope
(C) What do Psychologists do?
(D) Contemporary Perspectives
(E) Conclusion, References, & Web
Resources
(E) Contemporary
Perspectives
The birth of
the field

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(E) Contemporary Perspectives:
The birth of the field
 Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
 ________________ of Psychology

 Established the 1st formal laboratory


for psychological research in Germany
in 1879

 Make 1879 as psychology’s “date of


birth”

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(E) Contemporary Perspectives:
1) Psychodynamic Model
 Believes behavior to be motivated by inner
forces (innate instincts – e.g. sex &
aggression) over which an individual has little
control

 Emphasizes on _____________________
processes influencing behavior

 Sigmund Freud (founder of Psychoanalysis)

04/18/2024 14
(E) Contemporary Perspectives:
2) Behavioral Model

 Focuses on observable behavior &


stimulus-response (S-R) relationships

 Emphasizes on the importance of


environmental forces (i.e. reward,
punishment) in shaping behavior

 Key figures: J. B. Watson (founder of


Behaviorism), B.F. Skinner

04/18/2024 15
(E) Contemporary Perspectives:
3) Humanistic Model
 Believes people in control of their lives
- _____________________

 Emphasizes on personal growth, &


unique qualities of humans
 Self-actualization

 Early founders: Abraham Maslow,


Carl Rogers

Carl Rogers

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(E) Contemporary Perspectives:
4) Cognitive Model
 Focuses on how people know,
understand & think about the world

 ______________ = mental processes


involved in acquiring knowledge

 Key figures: Piaget, Kohlberg

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(E) Contemporary Perspectives:
5) Biological Model
 Views behavior from the
perspective of biological events
occurring in the body (e.g., brain
activity, hormones, & genetics)

(L) Normal Brain Image


(R) Alzheimer's Brain image W/ arrows

04/18/2024 18
(E) Contemporary Perspectives:
6) Evolutionary Model
 Examines behavioral processes in
terms of their _________________
value for members of a species over
the course of many generations

 Natural selection favors behaviors &


physical characteristics that enhance
organisms’ reproductive success

Charles Darwin

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(E) Contemporary Perspectives:
7) Sociocultural model
 Focuses on the all interpersonal, societal,
cultural, and ethnic factors that affect one’s
behavior or cognition

Standard of physical attractiveness


vary across culture
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Your turn
The psychological perspective that
emphasizes an “optimistic” view on human
nature is:
1. Biological perspective
2. Behavioral perspective
3. Cognitive perspective
4. Humanistic perspective
5. Evolutionary perspective
6. Sociocultural perspective

04/18/2024 21
(F) Conclusion, References,
& Web Resources
Overview of the subject / course

Introduction to Psychology
What? Why? Scope?

Historical development & Major perspectives

Next topic
How do we study psychology?
Research Methods (Ch. 1)

Questions & Answers


04/18/2024 22
(F) Conclusion, References,
& Web Resources
**Pastorino, E., & Doyle-Portillo, S. M. (2022). What is
psychology? Foundations, applications, and integration
(5th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
**Assigned Readings – Pastorino & Doyle-Portillo (Ch. 1
pp.4-7, 23-37)

These page numbers are based on the 5th edition. If you are
using the 3rd edition, you need to adjust these page
numbers slightly yourself.

04/18/2024 23

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