Teaching

Methodology II
Unit
Learning
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envirome
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 “
Learning is the act of
acquiring new or
modifying and
reinforcing existing,
knowledge, behaviors,
skills, values, or
preferences and may
involve synthesizing
different types of
information. 3
✔ ‘Learning environment refers to the diverse physical
locations, contexts, and cultures in which students learn.
Since students may learn in a wide variety of settings,
such as outside-of-school locations and outdoor
environments, the term is often used as a more accurate or
preferred alternative to classroom, which has more limited
and traditional connotations—a room with rows of desks
and a chalkboard, for example.

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✔ This definition recognises that students learn in
many different ways in very different contexts. Since
learners must do the learning, the aim is to create a
total environment for learning that optimises the
ability of students to learn.

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Learning environment

It is the place where teaching and learning take place

in the most effective and productive manner. It
consists of the classroom and all the instructional
features and non-threatening classroom climate needed
in planning and implementing all teaching and
learning activities.
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Effective Learning environment

Effective learning environment (also known as

classroom management) involves organizing classroom
activities, instructions, and the physical classroom to
provide for effective use of time, to create a happy,
productive learning environment, and to minimize
disruptions.
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✔ Developing a total learning environment for students
in a particular course or program is probably the most
creative part of teaching.
• the characteristics of the learners;
• the goals for teaching and learning;
• the activities that will best support learning;
• the assessment strategies that will best measure and
drive learning
• the culture that infuses the learning environment.
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✔ Think about the classrooms you experienced as a student.
Maybe you remember sitting and listening as the teacher
did most of the talking, or maybe you and your peers were
challenged with problem-solving activities. Perhaps your
tests were all rote memorization of the learned
information, or maybe you kept a portfolio of your work
that your teacher assessed with one-on-one feedback.
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✔ Learning environments vary from classroom to
classroom and context to context. There are four
types of learning environments, each with unique
elements:
1. student- or learner-centered;
2. knowledge-centered;
3. assessment-centered;
4. community-centered.
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Learner-centered environments
✔ pay close attention to the needs of the student. Students
bring culture, beliefs, attitudes, skills, and knowledge to
the learning environment. A learner-centered teacher
builds on the conceptual and cultural knowledge of each
student. The classroom is often involved in discussion,
where the students do much of the talking and construct
their own meaning based on prior knowledge and
experiences. The teacher acts as a bridge between new
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✔ Learner-centered environments require teachers to pay
closer attention to the knowledge, skills, and attitudes
students bring to the classroom, which can be attributed to
a student’s cultural background or prior experiences.
Learner-centered environments encourage students to use
their past experiences and knowledge to create new
knowledge.
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Knowledge-centered
environments
✔ focus on helping students learn information with deep
understanding so students can use it in new situations and
contexts. Teachers who believe in knowledge-centered
classrooms believe rote memorization does not lead to
true understanding and only helps students learn at the
surface. Deep learning involves learning through problem-
solving.
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✔ Knowledge-centered environments provide an emphasis
in really knowing what content is taught in the classroom,
why it is taught, and what competency or mastery looks
like for that subject area. Knowledge centered experiences
engage students in the construction of knowledge – by
organizing and relating back to prior knowledge. In
addition to teaching new material, knowledge-centered
classrooms connect what students already know to new
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Assessment-centered
environments
✔ stresses the importance of feedback to learning. Students
need opportunities to get feedback so they can revise their
work. Assessments must match learning goals. Formative,
or classroom assessment, used to improve teaching and
learning, is a constant source of feedback throughout the
context of a course.

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✔ The key principles of assessment are that they should
provide opportunities for feedback and revision and
that what is assessed must be congruent with one’s
learning goals.
✔ The first, formative assessment, involves the use of
assessments (usually administered in the context of the
classroom) as sources of feedback to improve teaching
and learning. The second, summative assessment,
measures what students have learned at the end of some
set of learning activities. 18
Community-centered
environments
✔ . is a place or state in which students feel comfortable
taking risks, making mistakes, and being themselves.
Using the community-centered perspective fully in your
classroom creates connections to the real world outside of
school.
✔ Community-centered environments can be the context in
which learning takes place for students. A “community”
can be representative of a class, a school system, or the 19
1. Structuring the Physical
Environment Headline
Desk Arrangement

✔ Desks in groups, with

students facing
each other, can help
stimulate student
discussion.
Desk arrangement
✔ Desks in single or
double rows are good
for
demonstrations,
independent work and
exams.
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Desk Arrangement

 Desks in u-shapes
are
recommended
where possible.
Desk Arrangement

 Desks in
workstations are
suited for students
who have
developed self
management skills.
Student Placement
✔ Place easily distracted students away from each
other, doorways, windows and areas of high traffic.
✔ Preferably, place to one side of the classroom, close
to the front.
✔ An inclusive classroom should place students in
areas of the class best suited to their needs.

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Classroom Decoration
✔ Students like to see their own work displayed, even in
High Schools
✔ Class-made posters help students develop a sense of
belonging to the classroom
✔ Plants and animals can have positive effects on the
classroom (Nicholls, 2006)

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Building community
✔ Building these relationships—
teacher-student, student- student,
classroom-community—and
creating the time and space to do
so in the beginning of the year
and throughout the following
months can make or break a
classroom.
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Design a Safe, Friendly, and
Well- Managed Classroom
Environment
When students walk into a classroom, they need to feel
ownership.
✔ writing assignments and projects on the walls,
✔ easy access to supplies and handouts
✔ a place to turn in class assignments.
✔ Ss choose where to hang the dioramas on
photosynthesis or the book reports
✔ charts, directions—any permanent posters— written by
student hands.
Include Students in Creating
Rules, Norms, Routines, and
Consequences
Rules come with consequences whereas routines
and norms have reminders.

The start of a new school year is the ideal time

to draw up a social contract.

Start by asking kids to brainstorm about all the

things they see, and hear in a classroom that
make them feel comfortable, safe and happy.
Create a Variety of
Communication Channels

your school email account so they can send you

their questions, concerns, and suggestions

 use social-media tools to connect with students

who are old enough to have Facebook accounts.

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WHAT IS IMPACT OF TIME ON
LEARNING
✔An effective classroom environment for
teaching and learning can be created by the teacher
for maximizing the dedicated time for instruction
and learning. Following effective strategies for
delivering instruction and classroom procedures
can be adopted for preventing and responding to
student problem behavior:

-Using Allocated Time for Instructions.

-Using Engaged Time Effectively.
Using Allocated Time for Instructions

✔ Allocated time (also known as available instructional time) is the time during which
students have an opportunity to learn. When the teacher is lecturing, students can
learn by paying attention. When students have written assignments or other tasks,
they can learn by doing them. Allocated time can be used effectively by: -
✔ Preventing Lost Time
✔ Preventing Lost Starts and Early Finishes
✔ Preventing Interruptions
✔ Handling Routine Procedures
✔ Minimizing Time Spent on Discipline

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 Using Engaged Time
Effectively
✔ Engaged time is the time students actually spend doing assigned work.
Strategies for maximizing student time on-task and to increase their
engagement:

● Teaching Engaging Lessons

● Maintaining Momentum
● Maintaining Smoothness of Instructions
● Managing Transitions
● Maintaining Group Focus
● Withitness
● Overlapping
Lesson sample

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me by email

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