The Concept of Hazard

THE CONCEPT OF HAZARD
MRS. ANALYN A. VINOYA

OBJECTIVES:
• define and cite examples of the
types of hazards;
• explain the impact of various

hazards on people and the
environment; and
• identify the possible hazards in your

community and their impacts.
True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the
statement is wrong.
HAZARDS, ITS
TYPES AND
IMPACTS
The Philippines ranked 9th in the world
with highest disaster risk based on 2019
World Risk Report; before that, our
country ranked 3rd for several years.
One of the reasons that the Philippines
has a very high risk to disasters is
because we are located in the Pacific
Ring of Fire and Typhoon Belt;
therefore, we have high exposure to
several hazards.
GUESS THE WORD
GUESS THE WORD
GUESS THE WORD
What are HAZARDS?
• According to United Nations Office for Disaster
Risk Reduction (2009), hazard is defined as “a
dangerous phenomenon, substance, human
activity or condition that may cause loss of life,
injury or other health impacts, property damage,
loss of livelihoods and services, social and
economic disruption, or environmental damage”.
This can be any event or material—whether
naturally occurring or man-made—that can cause
serious damages, loss and interruption of systems.
When the damaging effects of it already happen, a
hazard then becomes a DISASTER.
TYPES OF HAZARDS
1. NATURAL HAZARDS
A. GEOLOGICAL OR GEOPHYSICAL
HAZARDS
B. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS
C. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
2. TECHNOLOGICAL OR MAN-MADE
HAZARDS
3. SOCIO-NATURAL HAZARDS
NATURAL HAZARDS
• These include natural processes or phenomena that may bring harmful and
damaging effects to man, the society, and the environment. These comprise
of the actual hazardous events or natural conditions that may lead to those
hazardous events.
For example, a volcanic eruption is a hazardous event and the presence of an
active volcano is a condition that causes it; both the volcanic eruption itself
and the presence of an active volcano are considered natural hazards.
Geological or Geophysical Hazards
• These include geological events and conditions that may cause danger to
communities and environment; they involve the inner layers of the earth,
the transformation of the earth’s surface and the mass movement of rocks
and soil. Some of the examples are volcanic activities, earthquakes,
tsunami, formation of sinkholes, and mass wasting like landslide and
mudflow.
Hydrometeorological Hazards
• These processes or phenomena involve the earth’s atmosphere and water

resources such as oceans, river, groundwater, and glaciers; and may result to
destructive and damaging effects.
• It includes typhoon, thunderstorm, tornado and heavy snow fall. These
hazards also include extreme temperature such as cold wave, heat wave, and
drought; as well as rapid water movement such as storm surge and flood.
Biological Hazards
• These comprise of events and processes that have organic
origin or are transported by living vectors. These include
exposure to disease causing micro-organisms, virus, and
toxic bioactive substances that are damaging to life, health,
livelihood and environment.
• Examples of biological hazards are outbreaks of epidemic
diseases, plant or animal contagion, insect or other animal
plagues and infestations.
2. Technological or Man-made Hazards
• These hazards are caused by technological or industrial conditions and

human activities that may cause injury, death or other health-related effects,
damage to properties and the environment, and economic and social
disturbances. These include accidents like transport accident, chemical spill,
and factory fire; dangerous procedures like industrial pollution, nuclear
radiation, and use of explosive materials; and infrastructure failures like
dam failure.
Socio-natural Hazards
• Some natural events and processes may have increased and
worse occurrence as effects of human actions. For example,
due to the greenhouse gas emission from human activities, the
global climate is affected leading to more dangerous
phenomena like prolonged drought and stronger typhoons. Due
to overexploitation of our natural resources by man like
deforestation and excessive mining, landslides are more likely
to occur in mountainous areas. Disease outbreak and epidemics
also has higher chance of occurrence in highly polluted areas.
ACTIVITY: Classifying Hazards

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THE CONCEPT OF HAZARD

MRS. ANALYN A. VINOYA

• explain the impact of various

• identify the possible hazards in your

• These processes or phenomena involve the earth’s atmosphere and water

• These hazards are caused by technological or industrial conditions and

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