Stoichiometry requires a balanced chemical equation and some measured values. It can be used to calculate unknown quantities in a chemical reaction based on the law of conservation of mass. Examples are provided of using stoichiometry to calculate masses of reactants and products given specific quantities.
Stoichiometry requires a balanced chemical equation and some measured values. It can be used to calculate unknown quantities in a chemical reaction based on the law of conservation of mass. Examples are provided of using stoichiometry to calculate masses of reactants and products given specific quantities.
Stoichiometry requires a balanced chemical equation and some measured values. It can be used to calculate unknown quantities in a chemical reaction based on the law of conservation of mass. Examples are provided of using stoichiometry to calculate masses of reactants and products given specific quantities.
Stoichiometry requires a balanced chemical equation and some measured values. It can be used to calculate unknown quantities in a chemical reaction based on the law of conservation of mass. Examples are provided of using stoichiometry to calculate masses of reactants and products given specific quantities.
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STOICHIOMETRY
STOICHIOMETRY requires: 1. A balanced chemical equation 2. Some measured values
It can be solved for whatever it is unknown
It works because of the Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical
reaction 2H2 + O2 2H2O • You have 4 atoms of hydrogen and 2 oxygen atoms • At the end of the reaction, you can combine them, but you cannot destroy or change them into a different thing. • The number of atoms of the reactants will be the same as the number of atoms of the products. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 • 2 atoms N + 6 atoms of H 2 molecules of NH3
• 1 molecule of N2 + 3 molecules of H2 2 molecules of NH3
• 1 mole of N2 + 3 mole of H2 2 moles of NH3
N2 + 3H2 2NH3 If you start with 10 molecules of N2 and an excess of H2, how many molecules of NH3 will you make?
1. Check whether or not the equation is balanced? Stoichiometry
needs a balanced equation. • Hydrogen burns in oxygen to form water. What mass of oxygen is needed for 1 g of hydrogen, and what mass of water is obtained?
Step 1 : Write down a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
2H2 + O2 2H2O Step 2 : Process the info given to you 2H2 + O2 2H2O 1g Step 3 : Find the no. of moles for hydrogen. ½ = 0.5 moles Step 4 : Match the no. of moles for oxygen and water 2H2 + O2 2H2O 0.5 mol 0.25 mol 0.5 mol Step 5 : Find the mass of oxygen and water 2H2 + O2 2H2O 0.5 mol 0.25 mol 0.5 mol Mass = 0.25 mol x 32 0.5 mol x 18 =8g =9g The reaction between magnesium and oxygen is : 2Mg + O2 2MgO 0.5 moles 0.25 mol a) Write a word equation for the reaction
b) How many moles of magnesium atoms react with 1 mole of oxygen
molecules
c) How many grams of oxygen react with :
i) 48 g of magnesium. 48/24 = 2 moles 1 mol x 32g = 32g ii) 12 g of magnesium. 12/24 = 0.5 moles 0.25 mol x 32g = 8g • Calculating the mass questions • Calculate the mass of iron needed to make 16.25g of iron chloride (3 marks)
• 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
• Calculate the mass of potassium needed to make 20.0g of hydrogen (3 marks)
2K + 2HCl 2KCl + H2 Calculate the mass of magnesium nitrate that is produced when 6.3g of nitric acid reacts (3 marks)
Mg+ 2HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + H2
Calculate the mass of ammonia that is produced when 6g of hydrogen reacts (3 marks)
