Workshop theme for 2019: “Simulation for the Next

Generation”

Multi Protocol Time Management

2019-SIW-Presentation-007
Lockheed Martin PIRA ORL201901016

David Taylor, Dr. Lee Gaucher, Peter Grim Lockheed Martin, USA
John Auborn, US Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, USA
David Drake, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab, USA
Danny Williams, VT MAK, USA

2019 Simulation Innovation Workshop Orlando (Florida – US), 10-15 February 2019
 ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT

The increasing need for higher fidelity in distributed simulation presents many challenges to the
engineering and simulation communities. One such example is the need for detailed Software
Virtual Network (SVN) to emulate the communications within an increasingly connected world.

In the case of designing swarming systems, the SVN tool often is the primary hub for networked
collaborative systems and the cost for these tools can be prohibitive. The US Naval Research Lab
(NRL) has funded the development of a Free and Open Source (FOSS) software tool to address this
and other issues.

The Extendable Mobile Ad Hoc Network Emulator (EMANE) is rapidly becoming the preferred tool
for emulating communications systems but its rapid growth in popularity has stressed its original
emulation design. This presentation describes the work of an industry-government-academia team
to implement time management protocols as defined in IEEE1278.1-2012 and to extend this
implementation to a industry standard protocol gateway to enable a common time managed
environment across a DIS and TENA federation.

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 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Multiple simulation libraries need to implement a standard time

management interface to enable interoperability with customer and
other simulation architectures.

APPROACH TO SOLUTION

Adopt IEEE 1278.1 Distributed Interactive Simulation implementation

and incorporate into standard libraries.

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 INTRODUCTION - PROTOCOLS

IEEE 1278.1 Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) protocol supplanted Aggregate Level
Simulation Protocol (ALSP) in 1996 and revolutionized real-time Human-In-The-Loop
training leveraging internet protocols.
Version 7 (2012) Introduced Time Management
IEEE 1516 High Level Architecture (HLA) introduced 2000, major update 2010 addressed time
management to link Live, Virtual and Constructive simulations with some success.
HLA is compiled for each experiment and requires integration events.
Test and Training Enabled Network Architecture (TENA) originally designed to link Test Range
Instrumentation Systems is growing in use.
USN Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (China Lake) introduced a Time Conductor (Time
Management Object) to TENA Library
Gateway to DIS as part of the TENA library
Unity Gaming Engine not really a protocol…
This presentation sets out a solution to unify Time Management Across the leading simulation protocols

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 Introduction: Why…Or How Did This Happen?

Benign Beginnings: Standard DIS – TENA construct running in

Real Time.
SIMAN, Entity State, Electro-Magnetic Emission, Fire, Detonate
PDUs through TENA Gateway.
Network Communications using Link-16 Software Virtual Network
(SVN) vendor tool that accepts JREAP and Platform-J.
One Model Couldn’t Maintain Real Time Requiring the TENA
Environment to Implement Time Management.
Now Now everyone
Everyone Needs to Behas
TimetoManaged/Synchronize
support time management!
to Virtual Clock, But We Are Not HLA!
DIS v7 wire Protocol is obvious Solution

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 TENA Architecture at Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division
TIME Controller
UAS
UAS
UAS 3rd Party Target Source
(3PS)
UAS
UAS Current Controller
UAS
Launch Platform Test Case
Software Virtual Event
Network (SVN) Target and Threat Run Set
TENA Run
JREAP-C Environment

Test Ranges Simulation Control

Data Logger
Manned Aircraft Simulation

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 Environment Components

Time Controller
DIS

UAS Simulation Communications - Extensible Scenario – Advanced Framework

Data Visualization • Embedded Flight Mobile Ad Hoc for Simulation (AFSIM)
• Unity Software Network Emulator (EMANE) • Terrain Data
• TopScene • 6-dof performance • Telemetry • Environment
• Rhapsody model • Flight Termination System • Threat Representation
• Tactical Data Link • Target Representation

TENA Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division

System of Systems Test Environment (SOSTE)
Time Managed TENA

Initial Configuration was DIS-TENA using TENA Gateway logic. Then Time Management was added to TENA…

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 Notional UAS Simulation
Algorithms
Manager

Tracker
Guidance Comms

Air Data Est

Seeker Navigation Autopilot

Flight Software

Sensor Gimbal IMU 6-dof Performance

CAS Radio
Model
GPS
EOM

Threat
Propulsion Aero Antenna

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 NOTIONAL ARCHITECTURE
Master Time Controller/Time Conductor/Time Manager
Space Space Space
Airborne Platform Platform Platform

EMANE
Platform EMANE EMANE EMANE

Airborne
EMANE

Platform

Protocol Gateway
Airborne
EMANE

HLA - DIS - TENA

Platform EMANE EMANE EMANE

Surface Surface Surface

Platform Platform Platform
EMANE EMANE EMANE

Ground Ground Ground EMANE EMANE EMANE

Platform Platform Platform TENA
Sub Surface Sub Surface Sub Surface
DIS
HLA
Platform Platform Platform

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 NOTIONAL
WHY DO WE ARCHITECTURE EMANE?
NEED TIME-MANAGED

[delayed]

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 Communications Modeling Enhancements (EMANE)

SimTime
SimTime ONLY EMANE (Emulation)

TRANSLATION Time Control Shim Layer

WallTime
WallTime ONLY Host Operating System
Externally Controlled Time

SOLUTION: Separate instances of time within EMANE between the following types: Simulation Time
and Wallclock Time.
 Simulation now becomes host-independent, and optionally deterministic.
 Concentrate host CPU cycles when they are most needed.
 User can now conduct What-If scenarios using configurable hardware timings.
 Full integration with established time management protocols becomes possible.

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 New EMANE Threading Model for time management

T T T T T T Request {∆t}
1 2 3 4 5 n

External
TimeControl TimeControl
(optional)

SINGLE
Grant ∆t PROCESS

 Each thread evolves separately and periodically requests its own degree of time advancement.
 TimeControl entities choose the MINIMUM thread time advancement as the granted time delta.
 TimeControl entities can also be placed in a hierarchy using recursive Request/Grant pairs.
 Structure is isomorphic with well-established M&S time management systems.
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 EMANE FEATURES
Extendable Mobile Ad-hoc Network Emulator (EMANE)
Emulates wireless RF communications
https://www.nrl.navy.mil/itd/ncs/products/emane
Developed by Naval Research Lab (NRL)
Open Source
Includes Built-in Models
LINUX CentOS 6 compatible executable
Source code compilation requires C++11 compatible compiler
Node configuration and position information use XML
formatted messages
Can support RF Effects such as noise injection (jamming)
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 EMANE MODEL FEATURES

Built-In models to be utilized in SoSTE

Universal PHY Layer
Pathloss Calculation
Receive Power Calculation
Antenna Gain Support
Noise Processing
Frequency Diversity
Collaborative Transmission
MAC-PHY Control Messaging
RF Pipe MAC Layer
Data/Burst rate emulation of bandwidth (rate of data transfer)
Transmission delay emulation
Use of user denied Packet Completion Rate (PCR) curves
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 DIS SIMULATION MANAGEMENT (SIMMAN) PDU’S
WITH RELIABILITY (-R)
Create Entity-R
TI = Transaction Initiator
Remove Entity-R
TR = Transaction Respondent
Start/Resume-R
TI PDUS

Stop/Freeze-R
Action Request-R
Data Query-R
Set Data-R
Record Query-R
Set Record-R

Acknowledge-R
TR PDUS

Action Response-R
Data-R
Event Report-R
Comment-R
Simulation Management with Reliability Require Timers
Record-R

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 Test Ranges and Simulation Challenges

Test Ranges are mandated to use the Test and Training

Enabled Network Architecture (TENA) middleware.
Not a standard but, like HLA, compiled for each experiment.
Communication with non-TENA elements (DIS) achieved
through gateway.

Test range focus on real-time makes Time Managed EMANE even more remarkable!
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 MBSE and DoD Digital Twin Initiative

“Digital Engineering (DE), the Digital Systems Model (DSM), Digital Thread (DT), and Digital Twin (DTw)
are emerging concepts within the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the U.S. Air Force (USAF) to
improve the acquisition, management, and engineering of defense systems throughout their lifecycles.”,
Digital Thread and Twin for Systems Engineering: EMD to Disposal, AIAA SciTech Forum, 13 January 2017.

Integrating different Protocol-based systems is a natural extension

of the Digital Twin Initiative.
Time Synchronization is a key element of the integration.
Not a one time event but a new process.

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 Path Forward

• DIS version 7 Time Management provided published

specification for implementing Time Management.
• Implement logic in applications: UAS simulation, EMANE, AFSIM
• Integrate with TENA Time Management function.
• Demonstrate DIS/TENA synchronized test.
• Expand to include HLA RTI.

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QU EST I O NS
Back Up Charts
 DIS TIME MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Join Exercise Request
Set Time Parameters
Time Advance Report
Time Advance Request
Time Advance Grant
Resign Exercise Request

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 DIS OVERVIEW

IP-Packet / Message –based standard normally using UDP but multicast supported
Protocol Data Units (PDUs) Families and Types
Entity Information/Interactions (5 PDUs)
Warfare (4 PDUs)
Logistics (6 PDUs)
Simulation Management (12 PDUs) Header
Distributed Emission Regeneration (5 PDUs)
Radio Communications (5 PDUs) PDU Type
Entity Management (4 PDUs)
Minefield (4 PDUs)
Protocol Family…
Synthetic Environment (5 PDUs)
Simulation Management with Reliability (15 PDUs)
Information Operations (2 PDUs)
Live Entity (LE) (5 PDUs)

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 EMANE PHY Layer
Sample XML Configuration

<?xml version ="1.0 " encoding ="UTF -8"?>

<! DOCTYPE phy SYSTEM " file: /// usr/ local / emane / dtd / phy . dtd ">
<phy name =" universalphy " library =" universalphylayer ">
<param name =" bandwidth " value ="1M"/>
<param name =" antennagain " value ="0.0 "/>
<param name =" systemnoisefigure " value =" 4.0 "/>
<param name =" frequencyofinterest " value =" 2.347 G"/>
<param name =" pathlossmode " value =" pathloss "/>
<param name =" noiseprocessingmode " value =" off "/>
<param name =" defaultconnectivitymode " value ="on"/>
<param name =" txpower " value =" 0.0 "/>
<param name =" frequency " value =" 2.347 G"/>
<param name =" antennaazimuth " value =" 0.0 "/>
<param name =" antennaelevation " value =" 0.0 "/>
</phy >

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