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Lecture Chapter 07

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Lecture Chapter 07

Uploaded by

Amare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Maintenance and Technical

Support

Chapter Seven
Bus and Cards

1
Bus and Cards
Buses - a path through which data can be sent to the different parts
of the computer system.
• Two different parts of a Bus
– Address bus -transfers information about where the data should
go
– Data bus -transfers the actual data.
• Bus width is the size of the bus lines.
• It determines the number of bits that the
computer can transmit at one time (say, one clock
cycle).
– eg: a 32-bit bus can transmit 32 bits at a time.
– the larger the bus width, the faster the transmission. 2
Examples
• Expansion buses or “slots”
• Disk interfaces/Buses
• External buses
• Communications buses

3
Expansion Buses
• These are “slots” on the motherboard
• Examples
– ISA – Industry Standard Architecture
– PCI – Personal Component Interconnect
– EISA – Extended ISA
– SIMM – Single Inline Memory Module
– DIMM – Dual Inline Memory Module
– MCA – Micro-Channel Architecture
– AGP – Accelerated Graphics Port
– VESA – Video Electronics Standards Association
– PCMCIA – Personal Computer Memory Card International
Association (not just memory!)
4
3 ISA
slots

Pentium 6 SIMM 2 DIMM


5 PCI slots CPU slots slots

5
Disk Interfaces
• Examples
– ATA – AT Attachment (named after IBM PC-AT)
– IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics (same as ATA)
– Enhanced IDE
• Encompasses several older standards (ST-506/ST-412, IDE, ESDI,
ATA-2, ATA-3, ATA-4)
– SCSI – Small Computer Systems Interface
– ESDI – Enhanced Small Device Interface (mid-80s,
obsolete)
– PCMCIA

6
External Buses
• Examples
– Parallel – sometimes called LPT (“line printer”)
– Serial – typically RS232C (sometimes RS422)
– PS/2 – for keyboards and mice
– USB – Universal Serial Bus
– IrDA – Infrared Device Attachment
– FireWire – new, very high speed, developed by
IEEE

7
Communications Buses
• For connecting systems to systems
• Parallel/LPT
– special purpose, e.g., using special software
(Laplink) to transfer data between systems
• Serial/RS232C
– To connect a system to a voice-grade modem
• Ethernet
– To connect a system to a high-speed network

8
Cards
Graphics card 3

4
2

Graphics card handles it’s own processing making it


1 Processor and fan
almost independent of the processor.

2 Board connector AGP or PCI-Express

Graphics card has it’s own memory. This makes it much


3 Memory
faster. Most new cards use DDR3 memory.

4 DVI connector Digital output is supplied through this port.

5 VGA connector Analogue output is provided through this port.


9
Cards
Graphic card - screen images are made up of dots
called pixels (picture elements). The graphics card
must process each of these pixels to create the image.

The resolution of a screen is the number of pixels


being displayed. Typical resolutions include:

• 800 x 600 - 480,000 pixels


• 1024 x 768 - 786,432 pixels
• 1280 x 1024: - 1,310,720 pixels
• 1600 x 1200: - 1,920,000 pixels

10
Cards
Sound card

1 PCI connector Connects the sound card to a PCI slot

Musical Instrument Digital Interface port is used


2 MIDI socket to connect digital musical instruments to the
computer.
These are used to connect microphones, speakers,
3 Audio jacks
stereo systems etc to the computer.

11
Cards
Network card
• allows computers join a network. Can be wired
or wireless. The standard used is called
Ethernet - covers wired and wireless
networks.
The wired standards include:
• Fast Ethernet - transmission speed of
100Mbps.
• Gigabyte Ethernet - transmission speed of
1000Mbps.

12
PCI PC card USB
Cards
The wireless standards include:

• The B standard - introduced in 1999, it has


a transmission rate of 11Mbps and a range
of 30 Metres.
• The G standard - introduced in 2003, it has
a transmission rate of 54Mbps and a range of
30 Metres.
• The N standard - introduced in 2006, it has
a transmission speed of 540Mbps and a
range of 50 metres.

PCI PC Card USB 13


Cards
Card readers
Replaces floppy drives in new computers. They can
read media cards from most digital cameras:
• Microdrive:
• Smartmedia:
• SD memory card:
• Memory stick/Duo/Pro:
• xD picture card:
Card reader drive

14
Quiz
Name ______________ID ______
1. Write one example of Expansion Buses/slot?
Ans =SIMM,DIMM,PCMCIA,ISA,PCI,EISA…..
2. Write one example Disk interfaces ?
Ans =ATA,IDE,SCSI,ESDI,PCMCIA…..
3. Write one example External buses ?
Ans=PARALLEL,SERIAL PS/2,VGA,USB….
4. Write one example Communications buses?
Ans =….. ., using special software (Laplink)
• Write two examples of Cards?
Ans=GRAPHIC CARD AND SOUND CARD

15

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