LESSON 2:

LEARNING TARGETS
FOR ALTERNATIVE
ASSESSMENTS
GROUP 1
LEARNING OUTCOMES
In this lesson, you are expected to:

•formulate learning targets that can be assessed

through performance and product-oriented assessment,
and

•create an assessment plan using alternative methods

of assessment.
What are the learning targets
appropriate for alternative
assessment?
Bloom's Taxonomy of
Educational Objectives

Educational objectives
Educational objectives
are sometimes referred
are specific statements
to as behavioral
of student performance
objectives and are
at the end of an
typically stated with
instructional unit.
the use of verbs.
Bloom's Knowledge-based goals
Taxonomy (cognitive)

consists of Skills-based goals

three (psychomotor)
domains:
affective goals
(affective)
Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational
Objectives in the Affective Domain
describes five levels of expertise:

Receiving, Responding, Valuing,

Organization, and
Characterization by a value or
value complex.
Taxonomy of Educational objectives in the
Affective Domain
Level Illustrative Sample
Description
verbs objective
Awareness or asks, chooses, Listens attentively
passive attention holds, identifies, to the instruction of
Receiving to a phenomenon listens. the teacher
or stimulus

Active attention answers, complies, Participates

and response to a participates, actively in the
Responding particular practices, writes. focus-group
phenomenon or discussion
stimulus
Taxonomy of Educational objectives in the
Affective Domain
Level Illustrative Sample
Description
verbs objective
Attaching value or completes, Demonstrates
worth to a demonstrates, belief in the
phenomenon or differentiates, value of the
Valuing object. Valuing may explains, election
range from justifies. process.
acceptance to
commitment.

Organizing values into Adheres, Defends the

priorities by defends, importance of
comparing relating integrates, graduate
Organization and synthesizing organizes, education in the
specific values. synthesizes. career of a
teacher.
Taxonomy of Educational objectives in the
Affective Domain

Level Illustrative Sample

Description
verbs objective
Internalizing Having a Acts, displays, Displays
personal value influences, commitment to
values/ system that is solves, verifies. helping
characterization by now a economically
a value or value characteristic of disadvantaged
complex the learner. students.
 Simpson's Taxonomy Educational
Objectives in the Psychomotor
Domain, seven levels of expertise
are described:

Perception, Set, Guided response,

mechanism, Complex overt response,
Adaptation, and Origination.
Taxonomy of Educational objectives in the
Psychomotor Domain
Level Illustrative Sample
Description
verbs objective
The ability to use Adjusts, Detects non-verbal
sensory cues to describes, cues from the
Perception guide motor activity detects, participants.
identifies,
selects.

The mental physical Begins, Shows motivation

and emotional sets displays, knows, to learn a new skill
Set that predispose a recognizes,
person's response to shows, states.
different situations.
Taxonomy of Educational objectives in the
Psychomotor Domain
Level Illustrativ
Description Sample objective
e verbs
Demonstration of a Copies, Performs the
complex skill through performs, mathematical operation
Guided guided practice like follows, by following the steps
response imitation and trial and reacts, demonstrated by the
error responds. teacher.

Learned responses Assembles, Plays the guitar.

have become habitual dismantles,
and movements can fixes,
Mechanism be performed with manipulates,
some degree of plays.
confidence and
proficiency.
Taxonomy of Educational objectives in the
Psychomotor Domain
Level Illustrative Sample
Description
verbs objective
Performance of motor Assembles, Demonstrates
acts that involves dismantles, fixes, one's expertise in
complex movement manipulates, playing guitar
patterns in a quick, organizes (similar
Complex accurate, and high with mechanism
overt coordinated manner. but performed in a
response Characterized by more accurate,
automatic more coordinated,
performance and and quicker way)
performance without
hesitation.
Taxonomy of Educational objectives in the
Psychomotor Domain
Level Illustrative Sample
Description
verbs objective
Psychomotor skills are well Adapts, alters, Modifies the
developed and the person can modifies, dance steps to
Adaptation modify movement patterns to rearranges, suit the abilities
fit special requirements. varies . of one's
groupmates.

Creating new movement Arranges, Creates new

patterns to fit a particular builds, steps for a
situation or specific problem. combines, contemporary
Origination learning outcomes emphasize creates, version of a
creativity based upon highly designs. classic dance
developed skills. hit.
Bloom's Bloom's taxonomies of
educational objectives for
taxonomies of affective and psychomotor

educational domains are able to provide

teachers with a structured guide
objectives in formulating more specific
learning targets in the
classroom.
 ● This will then lead to the
Bloom's identification of the assessment
methods required to properly
taxonomies of assess student learning.
educational ● Higher level of expertise in a
objectives given domain are assumed to
require more sophisticated
assessment methods or
strategies.
What are learning
target?
Learning targets should be
Learning target is a statement congruent with the standards
on what students are supposed prescribed by a program or
to learn and what they can do level and aligned with the
because of instruction. instructional or learning
prescribed objectives of a
subject or course.
What are learning
target? "I can..."
● Teachers formulate learning
targets from broader
standards and learning "I can differentiate between
objectives. traditional methods and
alternative methods of
● The learning targets should assessment".
be clear, specific, and
meaningful to students.
Purpose of learning Targets?

• To effectively inform students of what they should be

able to do or demonstrate as evidence of their learning.

• Learning targets should specify both the content and

criteria of learning.

• With specific learning targets formulated, appropriate

classroom instruction and assessment can be designed.
TYPES OF LEARNING DESCRIPTION SAMPLE
TARGETS
Knowledge targets Refers to factual,conceptual I can discuss the
and procedural information research design
that students must learn in that i used for my
a subject or content area thesis
Reasoning targets Knowledge-based thought I can justify my
processes that student must choice of analysis of
learn. it involves application variance(ANOVA) as
of knowledge in problem- my statistical
solving, decision- making, analysis for my
and other tasks that require thesis research.
mental skills.
Skills targets use of knowledge and/or I can perform
reasoning to perform or analysis of
demonstrate physical skills. variance(ANOVA)
on research data
TYPES OF LEARNING DESCRIPTION SAMPLE
TARGETS
Product targets Use of knowledge, reasoning, I can write the
and skills in creating a results and
concrete or tangible discussion section
product. of a thesis
manuscript.
Affective targets Refers to effective I can appreciate the
characteristic that students role of a thesis
can develop and adviser in the
demonstrate because of completion of a
instruction. thesis research.
What are the appropriate alternative methods of
assessment for learning targets?

• All five types of learning targets (knowledge, reasoning, skill,

product, and affect) can be assessed by the use of alternative
methods of assessment;

• However, three types of learning targets can be best assessed

using alternative assessments.

These are Skills, products, and affect.

SKILLS TYPE OF
LEARNING TARGETS
To able to demonstrate skills or
act skillfully, students must be
Stiggins et al. (2006) defined able to possess the knowledge
skills type of learning targets as and reasoning ability related or
one's use of knowledge and relevant to the skills to be
reasoning to act skillfully. demonstrated.
PRODUCT LEARNING
TARGETS

Students are expected to create

• Described as the use of
products that have certain core
knowledge, reasoning, and
attributes that will serve as basis
skills to create a concrete
for evaluating its quality.
product.
AFFECT OF DISPOSITION
LEARNING TARGETS

In practice, we look at affect

disposition to encompass a broad
Defined as students attitudes about range of noncognitive attributes
school and learning. beyond attitude that may affect
learning and performance,
including motivation, interest,
and other affective states.
Sample Learning targets Across Subject
Areas
Typology of Learning
Subject Area Learning Targets
targets

Skills Participate in conversation with others.

Product Write an argumentative essay where

English arguments are justified by providing
factual or emperical data as support.

Affect Enjoy reciting a poem in front of an

audience.
Sample Learning targets Across Subject
Areas
Typology of Learning
Subject Area Learning Targets
targets

Skills Dribble the ball to cross the half-court.

Product Create a three-month personal fitness

Physical plan.
Education

Affect Show determination to complete the

physical task.
Sample Learning targets Across Subject
Areas
Typology of Learning
Subject Area Learning Targets
targets

Skills Measure angles using a protractor.

Product Given the data, construct a histogram

with normal curve using SPSS.
Mathematics

Affect Demonstrate interest in attending

mathematics class.
Sample Learning targets Across Subject
Areas
Typology of Learning
Subject Area Learning Targets
targets

Skills Use laboratory equipment properly.

Product Prepare a report about the field

observation.
Science

Affect Consider the safety of others in the

conduct of an experiment.
Sample Learning targets Across Subject
Areas
Typology of Learning
Subject Area Learning Targets
targets

Skills Participate in civic discussions on

current social issues.

Product Create a timeline for the 2017 Marawi

Siege.
Social Studies

Affect Argue with others in a constructive

manner.
WHAT ARE THE APPROPRIATE
ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF
ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING
TARGETS?
In terms of skills, having the required skills to apply
one's knowledge and reasoning skills through the performance
of a behavioral or physical task is a step higher than simply
knowing or being able to reason based on knowledge.
WHAT ARE THE APPROPRIATE
ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF
ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING
TARGETS?
In terms of products, a student's knowledge, reasoning,
and skills are all required before one can create a meaningful
product or output.

Given the need to also give value to the process of

creating a product, performance assessment is also typically
used through product assessment or portfolio assessment.
 WHAT ARE THE APPROPRIATE
ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF
ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING
TARGETS?
For affect or disposition, a student may already hold a
particular affect or disposition in relation to a particular lesson or
learning target and such affect may change or not depending on the
learning and instructional and assessment experiences of the
student.
Matching Learning Targets with Alternative
Assessment Methods
Learning Performance- Product- Portfolio Self-
Targets Oriented Oriented Report
Scale

Skills ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓

Product ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓

Affective/
✓ ✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓
Disposition
Across the different nontraditional or
alternative methods of assessment, teachers can
expand the role of assessor to other students
(peer assessment) and the student themselves
(self-assessment).
 THANKYO
U
NONATO, ALYSSA AILE N.
SAMILLANO, JOANAH CARLEN S.
SANGINES, MELCHOR D. JR.
SILVESTRE, CANDY A.

BEED 3-A