Transit Oriented Development

A planning strategy that promotes dense, mixed-use

development within walking distance of public
transportation nodes such as train stations, bus
stops, or light rail systems.

Principles of TOD Benefits of TOD:

• Reduced Car Dependency: Discuss how TOD
• Proximity to Transit: Emphasize the importance can decrease reliance on cars by providing
of locating residential, commercial, and alternative transportation options, reducing
recreational spaces close to transit stations to traffic congestion, and lowering greenhouse gas
encourage walking and reduce reliance on private emissions.
vehicles.
• Improved Quality of Life: Highlight how TOD Challenges and Considerations
• Mixed Land Uses: Highlight the integration of enhances livability by creating more accessible • Affordability: Discuss potential issues
various land uses (residential, commercial, retail, communities with shorter commutes, increased related to rising property values and
and recreational) within the same area to create a access to amenities, and a greater sense of gentrification, which might displace lower-
diverse and vibrant community. community. income residents in TOD areas.
• Planning and Implementation: Address the
• Walkability and Accessibility: Stress the need for • Economic Opportunities: Explain how TOD challenges of coordinating diverse
pedestrian-friendly streets, sidewalks, bike lanes, can stimulate economic growth by attracting stakeholders, zoning regulations, and
and well-connected pathways that enable easy businesses, increasing property values, and infrastructure development to successfully
access to transit, amenities, and services. fostering local job creation execute TOD projects.
• Community Resistance and Stakeholder
Engagement
• Compact and Dense Development: Explain how • Zoning and Regulatory Hurdles
TOD encourages higher-density development, • Transportation Integration and Connectivity
often with taller buildings or increased building • Infrastructure and Funding
occupancy, to make the most efficient use of land • Parking and Car Dependency
near transit • Resilience to External Factors
Transit Oriented Development - Overview
NAYA RAIPUR – CASE STUDY KEY IDEAS 5
‘Naya Raipur’ is to be developed into an advanced yet ‘green Demarcation of TOD influence
and smart city’ The capital city of Chhattisgarh, Naya zone or station area – station area
planng vs sector based planning
Raipur ,based on the concept of transit oriented development,
is being planned to be developed into a smart city. Complete streets
approach

Best practices
Master plan salient features approach- station
area typologies
• Diverse employment base proposed
• Green belt as an urban growth boundary Station area planning
• Mega block grid system - 800m x 800m sectors toolkit

• Monumental scale - 100m & 60m wide roadways

Station area planning framework
• Segregated land uses according to TOD principles

Challenges/ Unknowns 2
1
Population composition?
Employment Generators?
Local Real Estate Market capacity?

NAYA RAIPUR TOD VISION

The vision for the Naya Raipur TOD Study is to develop a transit supportive
framework that supports a series of seamless self-sufficient neighbourhoods in Framework 1 – identify character of station area Framework 2 – refine boundary of station area
4
Naya Raipur each with a distinct character- linked with sustainable mobility
options. Framework 3 – develop station area plan Framework 4 – implementation mechanisms
Positive Outcome
TOD principles for Naya Raipur
1. Almost 100 % population dwelling within the same area
1. Multimodal transit station 5. Compact development 2. More Pedestrian centered and futuristic environment
2. Interconnected street pattern 6. Bicycle friendly streets 3. Various transport modes to choose from
3. Mixed use development 7. Urban parks 4. Advanced quality, safe and user friendly communities
4. Walkability 8. Safety and security 5. Widespread and smart development

Transit Oriented Development - National Case study

 CURITIBA, BRAZIL
•Curitiba, capital of Paraná, Brazil, has 1.8 million inhabitants and 430 km² area.
•Strong industry, commerce, and services sectors with higher GDP and lower unemployment.
•Known as Brazil's "ecological capital" due to successful urban planning over decades.
•Growth from 350,000 to 940,000 inhabitants (1955-1975) led to focus on sustainable growth.
1.Agache Plan (1943): Initiated by Alfred Agache, it failed due to population growth and
funding constraints.
2.Curitiba de Amanhã Competition (1964): Launched to address Agache Plan's issues,
prioritizing integration, reducing private vehicles, and creating a star-shaped Master Plan.
3.Institutional Structures for TOD (1965): Mayor Arzua established IPPUC, a Municipal
Independent Authority, with a 14-member Deliberative Board overseeing planning.
4.Public Participation and Implementation (1971): Master Plan, shaped through extensive • Integrated Transit Network (RIT) with BRT (1972-1979):
public participation, was successfully implemented in 1971. • RIT managed by URBS, a municipal company.
5.Regional Transport Integration (1974): COMEC formed in 1974, linking transport in • Five bus models serving six corridors and 81.5 km of the city.
Curitiba's 13 municipalities for regional integration. • Color-coded buses for effective ridership, with feeder buses complementing
• Phase-Based Approach (1972): Focused on low-carbon urban development, land-use designations.
creating livable communities through structured planning and robust transport • Various measures introduced for traffic management and rider encouragement.
policies. • Walking and Cycling Infrastructure (2013):
• Axial Planning (1972): Centered on promoting density along main transport • Bike paths installed, and the Plano Director Cicloviario aimed to add 300 km
arteries, employing zoning to encourage high-density mixed-use neighborhoods. of cycling lanes by 2016.
• Mixed-Use Zoning (Law No. 901, 1980): Mandated 50% ground and second- • Focus on creating cycle-friendly routes along BRT corridors and within parks.
floor usage for commercial services along transit corridors, inclusive zoning for • Planned pilot electrical bike rental system to complement bus routes and parks.
social housing, and a Jobs Route Zone for economic activity. • Strategic Plan for Sidewalks (PlanCal):
• Densification Strategies (Law No. 4199, 1972): • Guidelines for sidewalk restoration and construction to enhance accessibility.
• Designated high-density residential and commercial zones along the • Emphasis on lighting and drainage infrastructure for safety and flood
North-South and Northeast-West axes. prevention.
• Specific floor area ratios (FARs) mandated for optimal land use. • State goal to restore 119 km of sidewalks and build 115 km of new sidewalks.
• Density bonuses and transfer development rights incentivized • Addressing Private Vehicle Use/Parking Management:
development. • Regulated street parking and controls to make private parking more expensive.
• Scaling up Transportation Infrastructure (1970s): • Zoning for car-free areas enacted.
• Limited financial capacity prompted a phased approach to upgrade • Restrictions on specific types of vehicles in central zones to encourage public
existing transportation services. transport use.
• Introduction of the Trinary Road System, featuring dedicated BRT • Implementation of specific times for loading and unloading based on vehicle
lanes and high-density zones along the BRT routes. capacity and length.
Transit Oriented Development - International Case study
Hyperloop Technology
The idea was first published by Elon Musk in a
Ultra High Speed white paper released in 2013
Contactless levitation and
propulsions systems combined with a Technical University of Munich Hyperloop set
low pressure environment allow the hyperloop speed record of 463 km/h in July
hyperloop pods to travel efficiently at 2019.
ultra-high speeds
Direct city connections
Imagine a world where you can travel Virgin Hyperloop conducted the first human trial
between cities in minutes. Hyperloop in November 2020 at its test site in Las Vegas,
reduces door-to-door travel times by reaching a top speed of 172 km/h
directly connecting mobility hubs.
Mumbai to Pune Hyperloop was proposed by
Emission-free mobility Virgin group in 2017 under Maharashtra
Hyperloop is an ultra-high-speed ground With fully-electric and energy- government
transportation system for passenger and cargo. efficient operations, the hyperloop
system aims at being climate-neutral There was Even proposals In AP as well to
The hyperloop system consists of a network of tubes, over the course of its life cycle. connect Vijayawada to Amaravati
connecting mobility hubs around the world, with
pods traveling at ultra-high speeds in a vacuum. The Challenges
low-pressure environment ensures energy-efficient
While the concept of Hyperloops promises a
operation thanks to low aerodynamic drag.
future of more accessible, faster, secure, and
Contactless magnetic levitation and propulsion
efficient means of transport than the ones we
systems enable a comfortable and silent passenger
have today, it is still a far-fetched dream. The
experience. Hyperloop combines the key benefits of
challenges it poses are few but significant ones
speed and flexibility, comfort and safety as well as
sustainability
Major Challenges in for this technology are
Safety, Finance, Regulations and Public
Participation
Transit Oriented Development - Overview