PE 104C -TEAM SPORTS

Mr. Alvin Jay M. Tugaoen

Instructor
 TEAM SPORTS
Team sports are when one
group, or team, plays
against another group, or
team, in a competition.
The team members work
together to achieve a
common goal.
VOLLEYBALL
Volleyball game played by
two teams, usually of six
players on a side, in which
the players use their hands
to bat a ball back and forth
over a high net, trying to
make the ball touch the
court within the opponents'
playing area before it can
be returned.
 INTRODUCTION
Volleyball originated in the United States at a YMCA club in Holyoke in
1895 as Mintonette. It was invented by William G. Morgan, a physical director of
the YMCA club. He wanted to invent a not-so-strenuous indoor game that
businessmen in the club can play. Players strike the ball and it volleys among the
players, so it was later named Volleyball by a professor from Springfield College in
Massachusetts.
Volleyball is played by two teams in a rectangular court, divided into two
equal halves across the length by a net tightly stretched between two poles fixed at
either sides of the court. It is one of most popular rally games and is today widely
played across the world.
Objective of the Game
The objective of the game is to try to make the ball touch the ground on the
opponent side. When the ball is hit by a team, the members of other team hit it with
their hands to prevent it from touching the ground and to send it to another teammate
or to the other side of the court across the net. Only three players from the team can
strike the ball successively before they send it to the other team.

Volleyball allows players to pass the ball among teammates like basketball, but the
strategies of defending and attacking are similar to other net or racquet games. Players
try to shoot the ball over the net at the opponent side where it is tough for the
opponents to volley it. The players of both teams have to prevent ball touching the
ground thus preventing the opponent to gain points.
HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL
Volleyball was first developed by
William G. Morgan. After graduation from
Springfield College in Massachusetts in
1895, William G. Morgan took a position
as physical director of the Holyoke
Young Men’s Christian Association. The
main activity was basketball, a relatively
strenuous sport for the businessmen who
used the facilities of the gymnasium.
Some older men did not like it because of
the roughness of the game.
 In 1896 at YMCA Conference at Springfield College, Mr. Morgan publicized a new
game. A net 6 feet 6 inches was stretched across the gymnasium. The game was started with a
serve. The game was introduced as “Mintonette” but after watching the game, a faculty member
of Springfield College, Dr. Alfred T. Halstead, recom- mended that the name be changed to
volleyball. Shortly after the game’s invention, Mr. Morgan drew up specifications for a special ball.

By 1912, several rule changes had been made. Volleyball became very popular with
schools, colleges, playgrounds and the armed forces. In 1929, the United States Volleyball
Association was formed.
 The game volleyball was introduced in the Philippines by the YMCA in 1910. This sport
became an Olympic sport in1964 during the Tokyo Olympic Games.

Volleyball is played among two teams of six players each. A team may also have six more
substitute players. One of the players is team captain and one of them is Libero. Players are
positioned in two rows of three players each. The Libero is identified with a dress different
from other team members. He is a specialist in defending and cannot serve or move to the
front court.
 REGULATING BODY OF VOLLEYBALL

Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) is the international regulating body of

volleyball. It governs rules, appoints referees for international tournaments and conducts world
cups and world championships for both men and women. It was formed in Paris and the current
headquarters is at Mexico.

FIVB is the official governing body responsible for conducting various tournaments and
promoting volleyball and beach volleyball. About 220 national volleyball organizations are
members of FIVB. Many of these federations organize volleyball championships and the winners
take part in international events.
FACILITY AND EQUIPMENTS
 Volleyball is an inexpensive activity. The player’s equipment is minimal,
requiring only rubber- soled shoes and possibly knee pads (individual
preference) for hard playing surfaces.

Volleyball - Facility
Volleyball is played in a rectangular court, divided into two equal halves across the
length by a net tightly stretched between two poles, fixed at either sides of the
court.
THE COURT
A standard international volleyball court is an indoor, rectangular in shape whose
sides are 18 meters and the ends are 9 meters. The surface of the court is neither slippery
nor rough, to avoid injuries. International courts have wooden or synthetic flooring.
5 4

BACKLINE
FRONT ZONE
6 3 BACK ZONE

CENTER LINE

1 2
SIDE LINE
1 6

BACKLINE
5 FRONT ZONE BACK ZONE
2
ATTACK LINE
CENTER LINE

3 4

SIDE LINE
 The court is further divided into the following zones:
Free zone − The playing surface is surrounded by a free zone up to 3 meters on all sides. The
free zone in international courts is 5 m from the longer sides and 8 meters from the shorter
sides.
Front zone − The front zone in each half extends from the centerline to the attack line. It is
drawn 3 meters away from the centerline on both sides of the court.
Service zone − This zone is used for servicing the ball to the opponent court behind the end
lines and has a width of 9 meters. The player has to be in the service zone while jumping or
serving.
Substitution zone − The substitution zone lies between the scorer’s table and the attack line.
Libero replacement zone − The Libero replacement zone is a part of the free zone beside
team benches and between the extended attack line and the end line.
 Volleyball - Equipment
Volleyball is a simple game which doesn’t require any equipment other than a ball, a
net and a flat court. Even two players can play and have fun with volleyball.

1. Ball

Volleyball a spherical ball of 65-67 cm circumference. It is

made of leather or any synthetic material and weighs 260-280 g.
Volleyballs are available in various colors, however for
international tournaments, FIVB approved balls should only be
used
 Volleyball - Equipment

2. NET

The net is slightly longer than the width of the court, 32 feet
is a common length, 36 inches in width from top to bottom
made up of nylon cord. The net is made of heavy thread so
that repeated contact of the ball on the net will not destroy
the mesh.

Nets should extend at least one foot on each side of the

court (32 feet), have 4-inch-square mesh openings and a
flexible cord or cable running through a 2-inch-wide white
band at the top.
 Volleyball - Equipment

3. The Posts or Net Supports

Two posts or net supports are needed in this game. The net
supports should be located at least 19 ½ inches outside the
sideline. They should be anchored securely enough to allow
the net to be safely stretched tight without any sag below
the required height. Supports with easily adjustable set-
tings assist in quickly varying net height.

The top is set at 2.43m for men and 2.24m for women.
 Volleyball - Equipment

4. The Antennas

The antennae is a vertical side marker at- tached to the net

directly above each side of the boundary line of the court.
The antennas extend upward from the net directly above the
sideline to assist in determining whether the ball crossed the
net within the court. It measures one point eight (1.8) meter
connected on the side of the net. A ball contacting the
antennae is out of play
 POSITION OF PLAYERS
Outside Hitter (aka OH, outside, pin, left side)

An outside hitter hits and blocks from the left side of the court. Normally, they also carry the
responsibilities of passing and playing defense when they get to the back row. The outside typically gets
the most sets, especially when the setter is out of system, due to the fact that the outside set is one of the
easier options to set. An outside’s responsibilities include hitting from the front and back row, passing in
serve receive, playing left or middle-back defense, and blocking.

Opposite Hitter (aka OPP, pin, right side)

Opposite hitters earned that title because they are opposite to the strong (left) side hitter,
meaning they hit behind the setter. In a 6-1, just like an outside hitter, an opposite has the option to play
all the way around, passing, playing defense, and hitting out of the back row. An opposite’s responsibilities
include swinging from the front and back row, playing right-back defense, and blocking the other team’s
outside hitter.
 POSITION OF PLAYERS
Middle Blocker (aka MB, middle hitter, middle)

Middle blockers are the team’s best blockers, and they hit mostly fast-tempo sets from the
middle of the court and behind the setter. Typically the libero goes in for the middle when he or she
rotates to the back row. Middle sets are some of the most difficult to set and require good passes,
therefore middles often get the fewest sets but have the best hitting percentages.

Setter (aka S)

A setter’s primary responsibility is to take the second ball and set it up for one of the hitters to
attack. Often referred to as the quarterback, the setter is the decision maker of the team and is in charge
of leading the offense. In a 6-1, the setter plays all the way around, meaning that he or she has defensive
responsibilities, as well as blocking duties when in the front row. A setter’s responsibilities include setting
the ball on the second contact to the hitters on the court, directing the offense, playing right-back defense,
and blocking the other team’s outside hitter.
 POSITION OF PLAYERS
Libero (aka L)

Liberos wear a jersey of a different color and play in the back row five out the six rotations,
usually subbing in for both middle blockers. When the libero comes in for another player, it does not count
as a substitution. Liberos are defensive and serve-receive specialists who are typically fast and are able to
change direction quickly. Liberos are not permitted to attack the ball from above the height of the net, and
they can only overhand set a front-row attacker from behind the 10-foot line.

Defensive Specialists (aka DS)

Much like a libero, a defensive specialist plays in the back row and is responsible for playing
defense and receiving serve. Unlike the libero, they do not wear different colored jerseys and are required
to abide by the normal substitution rules, meaning they are only in for three out of the six rotations.

Serving Specialist (aka SS)

A serving specialist is a player who subs in just to serve. These players typically have a very tough
or very consistent serve, and they come in for a player who is less strong behind the service line, but
otherwise very valuable to have on the court as an offensive or defensive threat.
 UTILITY/
OUTSIDE
OPPOSITE
SPIKER
SPIKER

MIDDLE
MIDDLEB
BLOCKER/
LOCKER
LIBERO

OPEN SETTER
SPIKER
 INTRODUCTION
As player’s skills improve, standards increase. This is the key if you want to have
highly successful volleyball teams. As skill improves, the player’s expectation will
increase. As player learns, he/she will start to expect to be more successful.

Learning is fun and as skill level improves, players will naturally try to improve their skill
level. This is a cycle that will never stop. As long as skill level is improving, players will
never become "burned out". It's natural to never be satisfied as long as the athlete believes
and expects to improve, they will continue to always experience more success.

Like most sports, volleyball requires every player to get good at some basic skills before he/she
can truly excel at the sport.
 BLOCKING SPIKING

Fundamental Skills and Techniques

SERVING

PASSING SETTING DIGGING

 1. The Pass or Passing
fPassing is simply getting the ball to someone else on your team after it’s been served
or hit over the net by the opposing team. It’s commonly thought of as the most important
skill in all of volleyball, because your team can’t return the ball without a solid volleyball
pass. Forearm volleyball passes are often used to direct the ball in a controlled manner to
a teammate, but overhead passing is another option

Two Types of Passing

1. The Underhand Pass

Underhand volleyball pass involves hitting the ball in a controlled manner to your
teammate.
2. Overhand Pass or tossing
The overhand pass involves hitting the ball using an overhand playing motion to
direct the ball to your teammate.
2. The Set
The setter has the most important position on the team, and is often the
team leader for this reason. It’s their job to make it easy for a teammate to get the ball
over the volleyball net, preferably with a spike that the other team can’t return. The
setting motion gets the ball hanging in the air, ready to be spiked by another
teammate with force.
3. The Spike
A real crowd-pleaser, spiking is the act of slamming the ball in a downward motion
across the volleyball net to the other team’s side of the court. When done well, spiking is very
difficult to return, which is why it’s an essential skill. A proper spike will help accumulate
points quickly.
4. The Block
Blocking is another important skill, although it’s probably the most expendable of the
fundamentals. Still, it adds a great dimension to the game, keeping the other team on their toes, so to speak.
By timing it right, you can jump up and deflect or block the opponent’s attack before it even crosses the
volleyball net, which can take them by surprise and give your team an easy point.
5. The Dig
Digging is a defensive maneuver in volleyball that can save your team from an offensive spike or
attack. Your job is to keep the ball from hitting the floor, and you do that by diving and passing the ball
in a fluid motion. Unlike a typical pass, you’ll probably be trying to recover the ball from a steep
downward trajectory. This is another great skill to have, but isn’t as important as passing, setting, or
spiking.
6. The Service
The opening skill in the game but the service will be determined by a toss coin wherein
the winning team will take advantage in choosing the service of the court. The served ball may be
intercepted and returned to the serving team, the success of a serve depends primarily on
accuracy, control and consistency, so the execution of this skill is very much important.

Underhand Serve –the Overhand Serve –This is the

easiest and simplest form most common style and this
of service. The player style is very effective. There
faces the net with the left are two types of overhand
foot in front of the right serves: the floater and the
foot. Swing the cupped topspin. This service is
hand backward and the executed by tossing the ball 2
hand follows the ball to 3 feet in the air above in
straight through the front of the right shoulder.
direction of the flight of
the ball or a follow-
through movement.
 In addition
Kinds of Serve
Underhand Serve –the easiest and simplest form of service. The player faces the net with the left foot in
front of the right foot. Swing the cupped hand backward and the hand follows the ball straight through the
direction of the flight of the ball or a follow-through movement.
Overhand Serve –This is the most common style and this style is very effective. There are two types of
overhand serves: the floater and the topspin. This service is executed by tossing the ball 2 to 3 feet in the
air above in front of the right shoulder.
Floater –is done by contacting the ball at its midpoint and with a little follow through result
Topspin –is done by contacting the ball and the wrist isn't stiff, its loose when contacting the ball and
bends so the serving hand contacts the top third of the ball.