Curvilinear Translation

Curvilinear translation
Curvilinear translation
• Curvilinear Motion of a Particle: Fundamental Concepts
What is the meaning of curvilinear motion?
• The motion of an object moving in a curved path is
called curvilinear motion.
• Example: A stone thrown into the air at an angle.
• Curvilinear motion describes the motion of a moving particle
that conforms to a known or fixed curve.
Projectiles
• The function of the vertical component is to project the body
vertically upwards, and that of the horizontal is to move the body
horizontally in its direction.
• The combined effect of both the components is to move the particle
along a parabolic path.
• A particle, moving under the combined effect of vertical and
horizontal forces, is called a projectile. It may be noted that the
vertical component of the motion is always subjected to gravitational
acceleration, whereas the horizontal component remains constant.
IMPORTANT TERMS
• The following terms, which will be frequently used in this chapter, should be clearly
understood at this stage :
1. Trajectory. The path, traced by a projectile in the space, is known as trajectory.
2. Velocity of projection. The velocity, with which a projectile is projected, is known
as the velocity of projection.
3. Angle of projection. The angle, with the horizontal, at which a projectile is
projected, is known as the angle of projection.
4. Time of flight. The total time taken by a projectile, to reach maximum height and
to return back to the ground, is known as the time of flight.
5. Range. The distance, between the point of projection and the point where the
projectile strikes the ground, is known as the range. It may be noted that the range
of a projectile may be horizontal or inclined.
MOTION OF A BODY THROWN
HORIZONTALLY INTO THE AIR
• Consider a body at A thrown horizontally into the *air with a horizontal velocity
(v) as shown in Fig. 20.1. A little consideration will show, that this body is
subjected to the following two velocities :
1. Horizontal velocity (v), and
2. Vertical velocity due to gravitational acceleration.
It is thus obvious, that the body will have some resultant velocity, with which it will
travel into the air. The vertical component of this velocity is always subjected to
gravitational acceleration, whereas the horizontal component remains constant.
Thus the time taken by the body to reach the ground, is calculated from the vertical
component of the velocity, whereas the horizontal range is calculated from the
horizontal component of the velocity. The velocity, with which the body strikes the
ground at B, is the resultant of horizontal and vertical velocities.
Example
1. An aircraft, moving horizontally at 108 km/hr at an altitude of 1000
m towards a target on the ground, releases a bomb which hits it.
Estimate the horizontal distance of the aircraft from the target,
when it released the bomb. Calculate also the direction and velocity
with which the bomb hits the target. Neglect air friction.
2. A projectile is fired upwards at an angle of 30° with a velocity of 40
m/s. Calculate the time taken by the projectile to reach the ground,
after the instant of firing.
3. A ball is projected upwards with a velocity of 15 m/s at an angle of
25° with the horizontal. What is the horizontal range of the ball ?
• 4. A bullet is fired with a velocity of 100 m/s at an angle of 45° with the
horizontal. How high the bullet will rise ?
• 5. A body is projected at such an angle that the horizontal range is three times
the greatest height. Find the angle of projection.
• 6.A particle is thrown with a velocity of 5 m/s at an elevation of 60° to the
horizontal. Find the velocity of another particle thrown at an elevation of 45°
which will have (a) equal horizontal range, (b) equal maximum height, and (c)
equal time of flight.
• 6. A bullet is fired upwards at an angle of 30° to the horizontal from a point P
on a hill, and it strikes a target which is 80 m lower than P. The initial velocity
of bullet is 100 m/s. Calculate the actual velocity with which the bullet will
strike the target.
• 7. Find the least initial velocity which a projectile may have, so that it
may clear a wall 3.6 m high and 4.8 m distant (from the point of
projection) and strike the horizontal plane through the foots of the
wall at a distance 3.6 m beyond the wall. The point of projection is at
the same level as the foot of the wall.

Curvilinear Translation

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