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Chapter Two Working On Network Hardware

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
24 views14 pages

Chapter Two Working On Network Hardware

Uploaded by

birhanugirmay559
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Chapter two

working on network hardware


A computer network consists of many hardware
components.
Some of these components are :-
NIC
Cables
Repeater
Hub
Bridge
Switch
router

Computer Networking 1
NIC(network interface card)
Connectivity devices that enable workstations,
servers, printers, or other nodes to receive and
transmit data over network media
Usually contain data transceiver
Belong to Physical and Data Link layers
Apply data signals to wire
Assemble and disassemble data frames
Interpret physical addressing information
Determine which node has right to transmit data at any
given instant
Computer Networking 2
Repeaters and Hubs

Repeaters: simplest type of connectivity devices that


regenerate a digital signal
Operate in Physical layer
 Cannot improve or correct bad or erroneous signal
Regenerate signal over entire segment
One input port and one output port
Suited only to bus topology networks

Computer Networking 3
Hub
Hub: repeater with more than one output port
Multiple data ports
Operate at Physical layer
Uplink port: allows connection to another hub or other
connectivity device
On Ethernet networks, can serve as central connection
point of star or star-based hybrid topology
On Token Ring networks, hubs are called Multistation
Access Units (MAUs)

Computer Networking 4
Hubs (continued):

Connected devices share same amount of bandwidth


and same collision domain
 Logically or physically distinct Ethernet network segment on
which all participating devices must detect and accommodate
data collisions
Types of hubs:
Passive
Intelligent
Standalone
Stackable

Computer Networking 5
Bridges
Connect two network segments
Analyze incoming frames
 Make decisions about where to direct them based on each frame’s
MAC address
Operate at Data Link layer
Protocol independent
 Can move data more rapidly than traditional routers
Extend Ethernet network without extending collision
domain or segment
Can be programmed to filter out certain types of frames

Computer Networking 6
Switches
Subdivide network into smaller logical pieces
(segments)
Can operate at levels 2, 3, or 4 of OSI model
Multiport bridges
Most have internal processor, OS, memory, and several
ports
Each port on switch acts like bridge
Each connected device effectively receives own
dedicated channel

Computer Networking 7
Installing a switch

Computer Networking 8
Routers
Multiport connectivity devices that direct data
between nodes on a network
Can integrate LANs and WANs
 Running at different transmission speeds
 Using variety of protocols

Reads incoming packet’s logical addressing information


 Determines where to deliver packet
 Determines shortest path to that network

Operate at Network layer


Protocol-dependent

Computer Networking 9
Router Features and Functions
Typical router has internal processor, OS,
memory, various input and output jacks, and
management console interface
Modular router: multiple slots to hold different
interface cards or other devices
All routers can:
Connect dissimilar networks
Interpret Layer 3 addressing and other information
Determine the best path for data to follow
Reroute traffic

Computer Networking 10
Router Features and Functions (continued)
Other router functions:
Filter out broadcast transmissions
Prevent certain types of traffic from getting to a network
Support simultaneous local and remote connectivity
Provide high network fault tolerance through redundant
components
Monitor network traffic and report statistics
Diagnose internal or other connectivity problems

Computer Networking 11
Router Features and Functions (continued)
Interior router directs data between nodes on
autonomous LANs
Exterior router directs data between nodes
external to given autonomous LAN
Border routers connect autonomous LAN with a
WAN
Static routing: network administrator programs
router to use specific paths between nodes
Dynamic routing automatically calculates best
path between two nodes
Accumulates information in routing table

Computer Networking 12
Router Features and Functions (continued)

Computer Networking 13
Gateways
Connect two systems using different formatting,
communications protocols, or architecture
Repackage information to be read by another system
 Operates at multiple OSI Model layers
E-mail gateway
Internet gateway
LAN gateway
Voice/data gateway
Firewall

Computer Networking 14

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