PRAYER

Guide us as we gather for class. Fill our minds

with knowledge , curiosity, and understanding.
Help us support and learn form one another.
Bless us and grant us strength to overcome
challenges. May this be a space, respect and
inclusivity. Thank you. Amen.
• LISTEN AND FOLLOW
INSTRUCTIONS
• RAISE HAND BEFORE SPEAKING
• RESPECT OTHERS
• FOCUS ON TASKS
 ELICI
T
• Experiments play a vital role in
science by testing ideas,
gathering evidence, and
deepening our understanding of
the world around us.

Mixing salt and water

 ENGAGE

Why is it easier to slide down a slide compared to

climbing up?
 ENGAGE

Why is it easier to slide down a slide compared to

climbing up?

Factors :

• Pull of gravity
• Time and speed
• Friction
 ENGAGE

Sliding down a slide is easier because gravity helps

us move. Gravity pulls us downward, making us go
faster. It helps us overcome the friction between our
body and the slide. When we try to climb up the
slide, we are going against gravity, which makes it
harder
 ENGAGE

Additionally, the rough surface of the slide creates

more friction, making climbing difficult.
In summary, gravity makes sliding down easier,
while going against gravity and dealing with
friction makes climbing harder.
 EXPLORE

"ARRANGE US"
INSTRUCTION: Write numbers 1-7 ( 1 being the
first step and 7 as the last step. Use the answer
sheet that is provided. Explain why you chose your
answer.
 EXPLORE
"ARRANGE US"

_ a. Observation
_ b. Test the hypothesis
_ c. Identify the problem
_ d. Arrive at a conclusion
_ e. Communicate the result
_ f. Organize and analyze the data
_ g. Make a hypothesis
1 - a.Observation
4- b. Test the hypothesis
2- c. Identify the problem
6- d. Arrive at a conclusion
7- e. Communicate the result
5- f. Organize and analyze the data
3- g. Make a hypothesis
 EXPLAIN
Scientific investigation

-is the how scientists and researchers use

a systematic process to answer questions
about the world around us. It is a way of
finding the answer to a question using
carefully arranged steps.
 EXPLAIN

In other words, the scientific method is

a systematic process that involves
measurable observations to formulate,
test or modify and prove a hypothesis.
 EXPLAIN
Components of Scientific Investigation

1. Observation: The first

process in the scientific method
involves the observation of a
phenomenon, event, or problem.
 EXPLAIN
The discovery of such a phenomenon
may occur due to an interest on the
observer's part, a suggestion or
assignment, or it may be an annoyance
that one wishes to resolve. (The first
process is observing something
interesting, assigned, or bothersome.)
 EXPLAIN

2. Identifying Problem: The

second step in scientific investigations
is to identify a problem in a given
situation. This problem comes when a
researcher is curious or interested about
something he/she has observed in the
environment.
 EXPLAIN

Scientific questions need to be

answerable and lead to the formation of
a hypothesis about the problem. (The
second step is finding a problem based
on curiosity or interest in something
observed.)
 EXPLAIN
3. Forming Hypothesis: To
answer a question, a hypothesis will be
formed. This is an educated guess
regarding the question's answer.
"Educated" is highlighted because no
good hypothesis can be developed
without research into the problem.
 EXPLAIN

In other words, you will give

temporary solutions to the
identified problem. (The third
step is making an educated guess
about the answer.)
 EXPLAIN

4.Testing the Hypothesis/

Experiment: The next
scientific step you are going to is
to test your hypothesis.
 EXPLAIN
Some hypotheses may be tested
simply by further observations or
take an elaborate and tedious
process as in the experiment. (The
fourth step is testing the hypothesis
through observations or
experiments.)
 · Two groups in every experiment:
a. Variable/ Experimental group-
independent variable is applied to this
group. (Variable- factor being tested)
b. Control Group- standard for comparison
 · Variable- is any factor
that can be controlled,
changed, or measured in
an experiment. Scientific
experiments have several
types of variables. The
following are:
a. Independent variable- an
independent variable is a
variable that represents a
quantity that is being
manipulated in an
experiment.
b. Dependent variable- a variable
represents a quantity whose value
depends on how the independent
variable is manipulated.
c
 c. Controlled variable- a
controlled variable or constant
variable is a variable that does
not change during an
experiment.
5. Organize and Analyze
Data: After performing an
experiment and collecting data,
one must analyze the data.
Research experiments usually
analyze data with statistical
software to determine the
relationships among the gathered
data.
 In the case of a simpler
experiment, one would look at
the data and see how they show
a relationship. (The fifth step is
organizing and analyzing the
collected data.)
6. Draw Conclusions: The next
step of scientific investigation is to
form a conclusion. If the data support
the hypothesis, then the hypothesis is
correct and may be the explanation
for the phenomena.
 If the data do not support the
hypothesis, then more observations
must be made, a new hypothesis is
formed, and the scientific
investigation is used all over again.
(The sixth step is drawing a
conclusion based on the data.)
7. Communicate Results: When a
conclusion is drawn, the research can be
presented to others to inform them of the
findings and receive input about the validity of
the conclusion drawn from the research. (The
final step is sharing the research findings with
others.)
Example situation
Observation: You notice that your plants are
wilting despite regular watering. You observe
this phenomenon and wonder
what might be causing it.
Identifying Problem: Based on your observation, you
identify the problem as potentially being related to the
watering routine or the health of the plants.

Forming Hypothesis: You hypothesize that the

plants are wilting due to overwatering, under-
watering, or a nutrient deficiency in the soil.

Testing the Hypothesis/Experiment: You decide to conduct an

experiment by adjusting the watering schedule for different groups of
plants to see if it affects their health. One group receives more water,
one receives less, and one remains unchanged (control group).
Organize and Analyze Data: You collect data on the health
and growth of the plants over a period of time, noting any
changes and comparing the different groups.

Draw Conclusions: Based on the data analysis, you conclude

that the group of plants receiving less water showed improved
health, indicating that overwatering was the cause of the
wilting.

Communicate Results: You share your findings with fellow

gardening enthusiasts through a blog post, discussing the
importance of proper watering techniques to maintain healthy
plants.
 EXTEND

Directions: Each sentence below describes a step of the scientific method. Match each
situation with a step of the scientific method. Explain why you chose your answer.

Choices:
a.recognize a problem
b.form a hypothesis
c.communicate the result
d.experiment
e.draw conclusion
f.observation
Situation 1: Aaron soaked six different kinds of seeds in water for
24 hours.
Situation 2: Juan said, "If I grow five seedlings in red light, the
plants will grow faster than five plants grown in white light."
Situation 3: Jacob's experiment showed that earthworms move
away from light.
Situation 4: Lyam reads about growing plants in water. He
wanted to know how plants could grow without soil.
Situation 5: Russel said, "If rain affects plants in a particular
river, it can also affect animals, such as catfish, that live in the same
water."
ANSWERS:
Situation 1: Observation (f)
Explanation: Aaron's action of soaking six different kinds of seeds in water for 24 hours is an
observation. It is the initial step where he is gathering information or data about the seeds.

Situation 2: Form a hypothesis (b)

Explanation: Juan's statement about the effect of red light on plant growth represents a hypothesis.
He is making an educated guess or proposing a possible explanation for the expected outcome of
his experiment.

Situation 3: Experiment (d)

Explanation: Jacob's experiment, which demonstrates that earthworms move away from light,
indicates the step of conducting an experiment. He is testing a specific hypothesis by setting up a
controlled situation and observing the behavior of the earthworms.
Situation 4: Recognize a problem (a)
Explanation: Lyam's curiosity about how plants can grow without soil signifies the step of
recognizing a problem. He has identified a question or issue that he wants to investigate
further.

Situation 5: Draw conclusion (e)

Explanation: Russell's statement about the potential effect of rain on both plants and catfish
represents a conclusion. He is making an inference based on his previous observations or
experiments, suggesting a relationship between rain and its impact on different organisms.
"Do you believe that scientific investigation/method is
important in our daily lives? Why?"
 EVALUATE
MATCH THE TERM ON COLUMN B WITH THE CORRECT DEFINITION IN COLUMN A. CHOOSE THE LETTER
OF YOUR ANSWER.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

_______1. IT IS A STATEMENT USED TO PREDICT THE OUTCOME A. DATA

OF AN EXPERIMENT.

_______2 A PROCEDURE CARRIED OUT IN ORDER TO TEST A B. HYPOTHESIS

HYPOTHESIS.

_______3. A SET OF MEASUREMENTS RECORDED WHEN PERFORMNG C. CONCLUSION

AN EXPERIMENT.

_______4. FACTOR, TRAIT, OR CONDITION THAT CAN EXIST IN D. VARIABLE

DIFFERING AMOUNTS OR TYPES.

_______5. MANIPULATED VARIABLE, IS A FACTOR THAT’S E. INDEPENDENT

VARIABLE
INTENTIONALLY VARIED BY THE EXPERIMENT.

_______6. STATEMENT THAT ACCEPTS OR REJECTS F. EXPERIMENT

THE HYPOTHESIS
ASSIGNMENT:

Instructions: Provide an example of a real-life situation or experiment you have

experienced and indicate which part of the scientific investigation/method it
belongs to.
You will be graded using a scoring rubric provided below. (Answer this with the
same groupings earlier. Write the name of each member and their roles. Use a
long-sized bond paper for your answer.)

Example: Effects of Oil Types on Cooking Time and Flavor

1. Observation: While cooking, you observe that using a certain type of oil
results in a longer cooking time and a different flavor in your dish.

2. Identifying Problem: You identify the problem as the variation in

cooking time and flavor when using different types of oil.

3. Forming Hypothesis: You hypothesize that the type of oil used affects
the cooking time and flavor of the dish.

4. Testing the Hypothesis/Experiment: You conduct an experiment where

you prepare the same dish multiple times using different types of oil,
keeping all other variables constant.
5. Organize and Analyze Data: You document the cooking time and taste of
each dish, comparing the results.

6. Draw Conclusions: Based on the data analysis, you conclude that certain oils
require longer cooking times and contribute distinct flavors to the dish.

7. Communicate Results: You share your findings with friends and family,
providing them with insights on how different oils can impact their cooking
experience.