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10 Jar

The document discusses JAR files which provide packaging and delivery of Java code and resources. It describes how to create, update, extract from and list the contents of JAR files using the jar command line tool. It also discusses how JAR files and manifest files are used and their contents and structure.

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bryan.mochizuki985
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31 views15 pages

10 Jar

The document discusses JAR files which provide packaging and delivery of Java code and resources. It describes how to create, update, extract from and list the contents of JAR files using the jar command line tool. It also discusses how JAR files and manifest files are used and their contents and structure.

Uploaded by

bryan.mochizuki985
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JAR Files

Objectives: 1. Archiving and Packaging Java Code


2. The jar Program
3. Example Applet
JAR Files

 JAR file archives provide packaging for


applications, applets, & JavaBeans
 Multiple classes can be packaged in JAR files
 JAR Files specified within HTML
 Manifest file
 JAR files use ZIP compression format
JAR Files:
 provide a delivery mechanism for JavaBeans,
packaging all the necessary resources together in a
single file. Multiple Beans may be contained in a
single JAR file, and the file may also contain an
optional manifest which lists the contents.
 help transport Beans over the Internet in easy-to-
manage packages, and they are also used to archive
applets for more efficient downloading performance.
The jar Utility

 Creates JAR files


 Adds to existing archives
 Extracts items in an archive
 Lists archive contents
 Syntax:

jar {ctux} [vfm0M] [jar-file] [manifest-file] files


jar Command
jar {ctux} [vfm0M] [jar-file] [manifest-file] files

 jar-file specifies the name of the archive file. No


required naming conventions exist for Java archive
files, although you will most likely see the file
extension .jar associated with them.
 The manifest-file argument is a file containing a list of
the jar file contents. A manifest file is required when
using the m command line option.
More...
jar Command
jar {ctux} [vfm0M] [jar-file] [manifest-file] files
 files to be archived are listed at the end of the command and are
separated by whitespace.
 Wildcard characters are accepted
 directory names are followed recursively, i.e., all files in subdirectories
will also be archived.
 File names are relative to the directory from which you run the jar
command
 special –C option introduced in Java 1.2 to change the relative directory.
 forward or backward slashes are accepted, making the jar command
operating-system independent.
jar command line options
Only one of the following
c: Create a new archive file
t: List the table of contents for the archive file
u: Update the contents of the archive or manifest
x: Extract named files (or all) from the archive

Other options can be combined or omitted


v: Verbose output
f: Specify [jar-file]
m: Include information from [manifest-file]
0: Do not use compression
M: Do not create a manifest file for the archive entries
Examples of jar command
 Create an archive called Simulator.jar that contained
the single class Machine.class
 jar cf Simulator.jar Machine.class
 List the table of contents of Simulator.jar using
verbose output
 jar tvf Simulator.jar
 Extract all contents of Simulator.jar
 jar xvf Simulator.jar
JAR Files & HTML
Improve Applet download performance
 compression of JAR files allows efficient downloading of applets over the
Web.
 entire archive may be downloaded in a single HTTP transaction.
 avoids reconnect each time a specific .class file or resource is needed.
ARCHIVE Tag
<APPLET ARCHIVE=“Simulator.jar” CODE=Stock.class WIDTH=350
HEIGHT=250>
</APPLET>
 filename is relative to the location of the HTML page.
 still need a CODE tag to indicate which class within the archive starts
the applet.
The Manifest
The manifest file exists to provide information about the
contents of its associated jar file.
 Automatically created
 if not specified otherwise, named manifest.mf
 placed in the archive under a directory called /META-INF
 M option in jar command suppresses creation.
 Lists the entries in the archive
 First entry identifies manifest version Example:
Manifest-Version: 1.0
Created-By: 1.5.0 (Sun Microsystems Inc.)
 applies to the entire JAR file
Manifest Contents
 Subsequent sections must begin with
 Name: <entry>
 describe individual elements JavaBeans, files, packages, and URLs.
 Each section of the manifest file refers to an entry in the archive and is
separated by a blank line.
 Attribute-value pairs of the format attribute: value are used in each
section to give information about that particular entry.

Name: Calculator.class
lines describing this file

Name: edu/weber/mypkg
lines describing this package
Manifest Contents
 Attribute/Value pairs
 Note Java-Bean attribute in example:

Name: StockBroker/Simulator/Stock.class
Digest-Algorithms: MD5 SHA
MD5-Digest: wuXrtYN-56Nn4rtDFewq=-tr
SHA-Digest: fg67tKdkfR65-SRkdrslegvY-tyK
Java-Bean: True
Custom Manifest File Indicating Beans

Manifest-Version: 1.0

Name: StockBroker/Simulator/Stock.class
Java-Bean: True

Name: StockBroker/Simulator/Helper.class
Java-Bean: False

Name: StockBroker/Simulator/Price.class
Java-Bean: True
Creating the Archive File
 create an archive file with a customized manifest file by using both the m
and f options and giving the required arguments as shown in the slide.
The generated manifest.mf file in the archive should have the information
given in Simulator.mf (which you write).
>jar cfm Simulator.jar Simulator.mf
StockBroker/Simulator/Stock.class
StockBroker/Simulator/Helper.class
StockBroker/Simulator/Price.class
 if the jar options contain both the letters f and m, the JAR and manifest
files listed in the command line should be in the same order. For example,
if f comes before m, the JAR filename should come before the manifest
filename.
Examples
See Composites using a jar at:
http://acad.kutztown.edu/~spiegel/cis421/Composite/JAR/
jar contains three classes
 ButtonPanel.class
 RadioPanel.class
 Test1.class (code; this class is used to start applet)
See Animation Demo using a jar at:
http://acad.kutztown.edu/~spiegel/cis421/Animation/AppletJAR/ball.htm
 inner classes specified in a manifest

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