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25 views65 pages

CHAPTER 6 (Autosaved)

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pammi113011
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE
Presented by AFREEN BANU
What is AI?
• Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial and Intelligence,
where Artificial defines "man-made," and intelligence defines "thinking
power", hence AI means "a man-made thinking power.“
• "It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent
machines which can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to
make decisions."
• With Artificial Intelligence you do not need to preprogram a machine to do
some work, despite that you can create a machine with programmed
algorithms which can work with own intelligence, and that is the
awesomeness of AI.
• It is believed that AI is not a new technology, and some people says that as per
Greek myth, there were Mechanical men in early days which can work and
behave like humans.
Why Artificial Intelligence? Necessity of learning AI:
• With the help of AI, you can create such software or devices which
can solve real-world problems very easily and with accuracy such as
health issues, marketing, traffic issues, etc.
• With the help of AI, you can create your personal virtual Assistant,
such as Cortana, Google Assistant, Siri, etc.
• With the help of AI, you can build such Robots which can work in an
environment where survival of humans can be at risk.
• AI opens a path for other new technologies, new devices, and new
Opportunities.
Goals of Artificial Intelligence

1.Replicate human intelligence


2.Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks
3.An intelligent connection of perception and action
4.Building a machine which can perform tasks that requires human intelligence
such as:
1. Proving a theorem
2. Playing chess
3. Plan some surgical operation
4. Driving a car in traffic
5.Creating some system which can exhibit intelligent behavior, learn new
things by itself, demonstrate, explain, and can advise to its user.
Advantages of Artificial Intelligence
• High Accuracy with less errors: AI machines or systems are prone to less errors
and high accuracy as it takes decisions as per pre-experience or information.
• High-Speed: AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-decision making,
because of that AI systems can beat a chess champion in the Chess game.
• High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same action
multiple times with high accuracy.
• Useful for risky areas: AI machines can be helpful in situations such as defusing a
bomb, exploring the ocean floor, where to employ a human can be risky.
• Digital Assistant: AI can be very useful to provide digital assistant to the users such
as AI technology is currently used by various E-commerce websites to show the
products as per customer requirement.
• Useful as a public utility: AI can be very useful for public utilities such as a self-
driving car which can make our journey safer and hassle-free, facial recognition for
security purpose, Natural language processing to communicate with the human in
human-language, etc.
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
• High Cost: The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it
requires lots of maintenance to meet current world requirements.
• Can't think out of the box: Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but
still they cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for
which they are trained, or programmed.
• No feelings and emotions: AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but
still it does not have the feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional
attachment with human, and may sometime be harmful for users if the proper
care is not taken.
• Increase dependency on machines: With the increment of technology, people
are getting more dependent on devices and hence they are losing their mental
capabilities.
• No Original Creativity: As humans are so creative and can imagine some new
ideas but still AI machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and
cannot be creative and imaginative.
Application of AI
TYPES OF AI
Types of AI
• These three types are:
• Artificial Narrow Intelligence
• Artificial General Intelligence
• Artificial Super Intelligence
Weak AI or Narrow AI:

• Narrow AI is a type of AI which is able to perform a dedicated task


with intelligence.The most common and currently available AI is
Narrow AI in the world of Artificial Intelligence.
• Narrow AI cannot perform beyond its field or limitations, as it is only
trained for one specific task. Hence it is also termed as weak AI.
Narrow AI can fail in unpredictable ways if it goes beyond its limits.
• Apple Siriis a good example of Narrow AI, but it operates with a
limited pre-defined range of functions.
General AI:

•General AI is a type of intelligence which could


perform any intellectual task with efficiency like a
human.
•The idea behind the general AI to make such a system
which could be smarter and think like a human by its
own.
•Currently, there is no such system exist which could
come under general AI and can perform any task as
perfect as a human.
Super AI:

•Super AI is a level of Intelligence of Systems at which


machines could surpass human intelligence, and can
perform any task better than human with cognitive
properties. It is an outcome of general AI.
•Some key characteristics of strong AI include capability
include the ability to think, to reason,solve the puzzle, make
judgments, plan, learn, and communicate by its own.
•Super AI is still a hypothetical concept of Artificial
Intelligence. Development of such systems in real is still
world changing task.
• Reactive Machines
• Purely reactive machines are the most basic types of Artificial
Intelligence.
• Such AI systems do not store memories or past experiences for future
actions.
• These machines only focus on current scenarios and react on it as per
possible best action.
• Recommendation engine is an example of reactive machines.
LIMITED MEMORY

• Limited memory machines can store past experiences or some data for
a short period of time.
• These machines can use stored data for a limited time period only.
• Self-driving cars are one of the best examples of Limited Memory
systems. These cars can store recent speed of nearby cars, the distance
of other cars, speed limit, and other information to navigate the road.
THEORY OF MIND
• Theory of Mind AI should understand the human emotions, people,
beliefs, and be able to interact socially like humans.
• This type of AI machines are still not developed, but researchers are
making lots of efforts and improvement for developing such AI
machines.
• Self-Awareness
• Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial Intelligence. These
machines will be super intelligent, and will have their own
consciousness, sentiments, and self-awareness.
• These machines will be smarter than human mind.
• Self-Awareness AI does not exist in reality still and it is a hypothetical
concept.
NUERAL NETWORKS
What is Nueral Networks
• A neural network is a method in artificial intelligence that
teaches computers to process data in a way that is inspired
by the human brain. It is a type of machine learning process,
called deep learning, that uses interconnected nodes or
neurons in a layered structure that resembles the human brain.
Architecture of NN
Types of NN
• ANN
• CNN
• RNN
ANN
CNN

Within Deep Learning, a Convolutional Neural


Network or CNN is a type of artificial neural
network, which is widely used for image/object
recognition and classification. Deep Learning
thus recognizes objects in an image by using a
CNN.
How Does A Computer Read an Image?
Consider this image of the New York skyline, upon first glance you will
see a lot of buildings and colors. So how does the computer process this
image?

The image is broken down into 3 color-channels which


is Red and Blue. Each of these color channels
are mapped to the image’s pixel.
Why Not Fully Connected Networks?
We cannot make use of fully connected networks when it comes
to Convolutional Neural Networks, here’s why!
Consider the following image:
Convolution: it has 4 steps
RNN
Use case

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