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Computer Software 024622

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17 views20 pages

Computer Software 024622

Uploaded by

Karen joy Aquino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Objectives
At the end of this module, you must be able to:

•Identify the computer software and its


function.
•Classify the type of computer system.
Computer Software
Computer software, or just software, is any set of
machine readable instructions (most often in the
form of a computer program) that directs a
computer’s processor to perform specific
operations. Software is a general term. It can refer
to all computer instructions in general or to any
specific set of computer instructions.
Computer Software
It is inclusive of both machine instructions (the
binary code that the processor understands) and
source code (more human understandable
instructions that must be rendered into machine
code by compilers or interpreters before being
executed). In most computer platforms, software
can be grouped into a few broad categories:
Organization of Computer Software
Two Types of Software

1.System Software
2.Application Software
System Software
System software is a group of programs that contribute to
the control and performance of the computer system.
System software manages and supports the operations of
computer systems and networks. They are usually
provided by the computer manufacturers. System
software is made up of systems management programs
and systems development programs.
System Management Programs - manage
the hardware, software, network, and data
resources of the computer system during its
execution of the various information
processing jobs of users. Examples are
operating systems, network management
programs, database management systems, and
system utilities.
System Development Programs -
help users develop information
system programs and procedures and
prepare user programs for computer
processing. Examples are
programming language translators
and editors.
Operating System
An operating system is a collection of programs which takes
over the operation of the computer to the extent of being
able to allow a number of programs to be run on the
computer without human interventions by an operator.
Examples of operating systems on mainframe and
minicomputers are IBM-OS/VS, IBM-OS/400 and ICL-
VME. On microcomputers, examples include MS-DOS,
WINDOWS and LINUX.
Functions of Operating System
An operating system (OS) performs five
basic functions in the operation of a
computer system, namely, providing a user
interface, resource management, task
management, file management, as well as
utilities and support services.
1.The User Interface: This is the
part of the operating system that
allows the user to communicate
with it so that the user can load
programs, access files, and
accomplish other tasks.
2. Resource Management: An operating system
uses a variety of resource management programs
to manage the hardware and networking resources
of a computer system, including its CPU, memory,
secondary storage devices, telecommunications
processors, and input/output peripherals. For
example, memory management programs keep
track of where data and programs are stored.
3. File Management: An operating system contains
file management programs that control the creation,
deletion, and access of files of data and programs.
File management also involves keeping track of the
physical location of files on magnetic disks and
other secondary storage devices. So, operating
system maintains directories of information about
the location and characteristics of files stored on a
computer systems secondary storage device.
4. Task Management: The task management programs of an
operating system manage the accomplishment of the
computing tasks of end-users. They give each task a slice of
a CPU‘s time and interrupt the CPU operations to substitute
other tasks. Task management may involve a multitasking
capability where several computing tasks can occur at the
same time. Multitasking may take the form of
multiprogramming, where the CPU can process the tasks of
several programs at the same time, or timesharing, where the
computing tasks of several users can be processed at the
same time.
5. System Utilities: Utility programs are type
of system management software that are
marketed as separate programs or are included
as part of an operating system. Utilities
perform miscellaneous housekeeping and file
conversion functions. Examples include data
backup, data recovery, virus protection, data
compression, and file defragmentation.
Programming language
A programming language describes the way
in which the instructions that make up a
computer program are written. The three
basic types of programming languages are
machine language, assembly language and
high-level language.
1. Machine Languages - A machine language is a
programming language composed of numeric instructions.
It is made up of strings of binary digits specific to a
particular make and model ofcomputer. When
programming in machine language, an appropriate set of
storage locations must be allocated for both the program
and the data before any actual instructions can be written.
The interpretation of a machine language program is a
direct function of the computer hardware circuitry.
2. Assembly Language - An assembly
language is a programming language made up
of operation mnemonics and symbolic data
locations. The assembly language
programmer makes use of instruction
mnemonics and symbolic names of addresses
rather than work with operation codes and
operand addresses.
3. High-Level Languages - A high-
level computer language is a
programming language composed of
instructions written in English words
(for business applications) or in
mathematical notations (for scientific
applications).

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