For CO

21ST
Century Literature from the

Philippines and the World
Trivia
It is an intense fear of books.

The condition is a specific phobia
(fear), which is a type of anxiety
disorder. A person might fear all
books or only a specific kind, such
as textbooks or children's books.
Ans. Bibliophobia
Review
Complete the sentences below about different
contexts discussed in previous lesson.
1. Context is defined as the ___________

that form the __________, statements, or
ideas and in the way of which it can be fully
understood and assessed.
2. Linguistic context is a discourse that
surrounds a _________________ and helps
to determine its interpretation.
3. ________ context is about how a
particular literary work depicts society.
4. Literary context refers to the _________,

________, ____________ and _______
factors that influence the creation and
interpretation of a text.
Who’s who?
Identify the author of each literary text.
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso
Realonda
José Rizal (born June 19, 1861, Calamba,
Philippines—died December 30, 1896, Manila) patriot,
physician, and man of letters who was an inspiration to the
Philippine nationalist movement.
The son of a prosperous landowner, Rizal was
educated in Manila and at the University of Madrid. A
brilliant medical student, he soon committed himself to the
reform of Spanish rule in his home country, though he never
advocated Philippine independence. Most of his writing was
done in Europe, where he resided between 1882 and 1892.
Who’s who?
Jose Garcia Villa
José Garcia Villa was born in Manila in 1908. He
attended the University of the Philippines, but he was
suspended in 1929 after publishing a series of erotic
poems, titled “Man-Songs,” in the Philippines Herald
Magazine. That same year, he won a short story contest
through the Philippines Free Press and used the prize
money to travel to the United States, where he studied at
the University of New Mexico. Villa was the recipient of
numerous honors and awards, including a Philippines
Heritage Award, a Poetry Award from the American
Academy of Arts and Letters, a Rockefeller Foundation
Fellowship, and a Shelley Memorial Award. In 1973 he was
named a National Artist of the Philippines.
Who’s who?
Danton Remoto
Danton Remoto was born on March 25, 1963 in
Basa Air Base, Pampanga. He was an ASEAN scholar
at the AdMU where he obtained his AB Interdisciplinary
Studies in 1983. He was a Local fellow for poetry at the
UP Creative Writing Center, 1994.
Danton Remoto is a writer, educator, media
personality, and the founder of Ladlad, the LGBTQ
political party of the Philippines. His novel, Riverrun,
about a gay young man’s coming of age in a military
dictatorship, is one of the first gay novels published in
the Philippines.
Who’s who?
Carlos P. Romulo
He was born on January 14, 1899 at Camiling,
Philippines and died on December 15, 1985 in Manila. He
was a Philippine general, diplomat, and journalist known
for his activities on behalf of the Allies during World War II
and his later work with the United Nations.
In 1941 Romulo won the Pulitzer Prize for Peace for
his prewar evaluations of the military situation in the
Pacific area
Who’s who?
Carlos Sampayan Bulosan
He was a Filipino novelist and poet who immigrated
to the United States. He never returned to the Philippines
and he spent most of his life in the United States. His best-
known work is the semi-autobiographical “America is in the
Heart”.
Bulosan was born to Ilocano parents in the
Philippines in Binalonan, Pangasinan. Among his literary
works are Letter from America, The Laughter of My Father,
My Father Goes to Court and My Father’s Tragedy.
Complete the infographic
profile of the author in
the picture. Choose from
the answers below.
1. Ateneo de Manila
University
2. writer and columnist
3. Floridablanca,
Pampanga
4. Carlos Palanca
Memorial Awards for
Essay
5. Danton Remoto
Analysis
1. How do you feel about the activity?
2. Who is the writer in the picture? Where was
the writer born?
3. Where did the author finish his college?
4. What was the occupation of Danton Remoto?
5. Why do you think it is important to know the
biographical account of the author before
reading the text?
Abstraction
A biographical context refers to the author’s life
and the factors that influenced and shaped it,
such as social, political, and economic conditions
during his or her time.
 educational background
 religion
 ethnicity.
Studying the author may be able to
connect the characters and their morals.
It helps to analyze the pattern of
behaviors shown between and among
the characters, authors, and the
readers.
Notes to Remember:
 Understanding the author’s life can help
the reader understand his or her work
thoroughly.
 Reading the author’s biography or
autobiography helps reader see how
much his experience shaped his or her
work directly or indirectly.
Strategies to Employ:
 Research on what the author believes in
and also what he or she does not.
 Look for the author’s other work and
analyze if there is a pattern regarding the
theme that is indicative of his or her life
and beliefs.
Activity
Generalization
• 5. It refers
What to the context?
is biographical point where the conflict
• or tension
What explodes
are the details or heightens.
that a reader should look for in
reading an author’s biography?
• 6.
Why do we need to consider the background of the
author in understanding the meaning of a literary text?
• How biographical context enhance the text’s meaning
and enrich the reader’s understanding?
Activity
5. It refers to the point where the conflict
Integration
or tension explodes or heightens.
In what learning areas do you employ biographical
6.
context in understanding the text?
Activity
5. It refers to the point where the conflict
Value Focus
or tension explodes or heightens.
As a reader, how this topic helps you to develop
6.
appreciation of literary authors and works?
Read the poem written by Danton Remoto and
try to discover what this poem wants to convey.
Then, answer the questions that follow.
Padre Faura Witness The Execution of Rizal

Author: Danton Remoto
I stand on the roof And on this day
Of the Ateneo municipal, With the years beginning to turn,
Shivering Salt things my eyes.
On this December morning. I see Pepe,
Months ago, A blur
Between the soldiers
Pepe came to me
With their Mausers raised
In the observatory. And the early morning’s Star:
I thought we would talk Still shimmering
About the stars Even if millions of miles away,
That do not collide The star itself
In the sky: Is already dead
Instead, he asked me about In Europe.
purgatory
His cheeks still ruddy
From the sudden sun
After the bitter winter
Essential Questions
1. Who speaks in the poem? Extract a sentence from
the poem to prove your answer.
2. What was the situation when Padre Faura stood in
the balcony of Ateneo de Manila?
3. What was the situation of our country based on the
poem? Prove your answer by extracting a line from the
poem.
4. How do you feel while reading the poem, that Padre
Faura witnessed the execution of his former student?
Essential Questions
5. What was the feeling displayed by the
author in the poem?
6. Do you think the life of the author influence
his writing? Why or why not?
7. Why do you think the author write this
poem?
8. How does the author’s background deepen
your understanding on his literary work?
EVALUATION
Discuss how the biography of Danton
Remoto helps you understand the poem,
“Padre Faura Witnesses the Execution of
Rizal”.
Answer the questions that follow.
Questions:
1. Based on the context of the poem, where did Padre Faura
stand on December morning?
2.Where did Danton Remoto obtain his college degree?
3. Is there any similarity in the location or place?
4.What biographical fact has the author used in the text?
5. What insights did you acquire about the author’s life by
reading the text?
AGREEMENT
By group, research the given literary piece and
study the biography of the writer. Answer the
following question using the Biographical context.
How does his/her background and personal

viewpoints in life affect the style and concept of
his/her writing?
The End…
Thank you for listening!

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21ST

Century Literature from the

It is an intense fear of books.

1. Context is defined as the ___________

4. Literary context refers to the _________,

Padre Faura Witness The Execution of Rizal

How does his/her background and personal

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