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Types of Cells in The Human Body

The document discusses the 11 most common types of cells in the human body including stem cells, bone cells, blood cells, muscle cells, fat cells, skin cells, nerve cells, endothelial cells, sex cells, pancreatic cells, and cancer cells. It provides details on the function and role of each cell type.

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Hyacinth Rae
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21 views24 pages

Types of Cells in The Human Body

The document discusses the 11 most common types of cells in the human body including stem cells, bone cells, blood cells, muscle cells, fat cells, skin cells, nerve cells, endothelial cells, sex cells, pancreatic cells, and cancer cells. It provides details on the function and role of each cell type.

Uploaded by

Hyacinth Rae
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPES OF CELLS

IN THE HUMAN
BODY

Prepared by: HYACINTH RAE ARANAS - LIPAT


Cells throughout an organism can develop
in different ways too perform different
tasks. This process is called cell
specialization.
Cells in the human body number in
the trillions and come in all shapes
and sizes. These tiny structures are
the basic unit of living organisms.
Cells comprise tissues, tissues
make up organs, organs form organ
systems, and organ systems work
together to create an organism and
keep it alive.
Each type of cell in the human body
is specially equipped for its role.

Cells of the body depend on each


other to keep the body functioning as
a unit. There are hundreds of types
of cells, but the following are the 11
most common.
Stem Cells
Stem cells are unique in that
they originate as unspecialized
cells and have the ability to
develop into specialized cells
that can be used to build
specific organs or tissues. Stem
cells can divide and replicate
many times in order to
replenish and repair tissue
Bone Cells
Bones are made up of a
matrix of collagen and
calcium phosphate
minerals. There are three
primary types of bone
cells in the body:
 osteoclasts
 osteoblasts
 osteocytes.
Bone Cells
 Osteoclasts are large cells that decompose
bone for resorption and assimilation while they
heal.

 Osteoblasts regulate bone mineralization and


produce osteoid, an organic substance of the
bone matrix, which mineralizes to form bone.

Osteoblasts mature to form osteocytes.


 Osteocytes aid in the formation of bone and
help maintain calcium balance.
Blood Cells
From transporting oxygen
throughout the body to fighting
infection, blood cell activity is
vital to life. Blood cells are
produced by bone marrow.

The three major types of cells


in the blood are
 red blood cells
 white blood cells
 platelets.
Blood Cells
 Red blood cells determine blood type and
are responsible for transporting oxygen.

 White blood cells are immune system cells


that destroy pathogens and provide
immunity.

 Platelets help clot blood to prevent


excessive blood loss due to broken or
damaged blood vessels.
Muscle Cells
Muscle cells form muscle
tissue, which enables all
bodily movement. The
three types of muscle
cells are
 skeletal
 cardiac
 smooth.
 Skeletal muscle cells attaches to bones to facilitates voluntary
movement. These muscle cells are covered by connective tissue,
which protects and supports muscle fiber bundles.
 Cardiac muscle cells form involuntary muscle, or muscle that doesn't
require conscious effort to operate, found in the heart. These cells
aid in heart contraction and are joined to one another by intercalated
discs that allow for heartbeat synchronization.

 Smooth muscle cells is not striated like cardiac and skeletal


muscle. Smooth muscle is involuntary muscle that lines body
cavities and forms the walls of many organs such as kidneys,
intestines, blood vessels, and lung airways.
Fat Cells
Fat cells, also called
adipocytes, are a major cell
component of adipose tissue.
Adipocytes contain droplets of
stored fat (triglycerides) that
can be used for energy. When
fat is stored, its cells become
round and swollen. When fat
is used, its cells shrink.
Fat Cells
Adipose cells also have a critical endocrine
function: they produce hormones that
influence sex hormone metabolism, blood
pressure regulation, insulin sensitivity, fat
storage and use, blood clotting, and cell
signaling.
Skin Cells
The skin is composed of a
layer of epithelial tissue
(epidermis) that is supported by
a layer of connective tissue
(dermis) and an underlying
subcutaneous layer. The
outermost layer of the skin is
composed of flat, squamous
epithelial cells that are closely
packed together.
Skin Cells

The skin covers a wide range of roles. It


protects internal structures of the body from
damage, prevents dehydration, acts as a
barrier against germs, stores fat, and produces
vitamins and hormones.
Nerve Cells
Nerve cells or neurons are
the most basic unit of the
nervous system. Nerves
send signals between the
brain, spinal cord, and
other body organs via
nerve impulses.
Endothelial Cells
Endothelial cells form the inner
lining of the cardiovascular
system and lymphatic system
structures. They make up the
inner layer of blood vessels,
lymphatic vessels, and organs
including the brain, lungs, skin,
and heart.
Endothelial Cells

Endothelial cells are responsible for


angiogenesis or the creation of new blood
vessels. They also regulate the movement of
macromolecules, gases, and fluid between the
blood and surrounding tissues as well as help
manage blood pressure.
Sex Cells
Sex cells or gametes are
reproductive cells created
in male and female
gonads that bring new life
into existence
Male sex cells or sperm are motile and have long, tail-like
projections called flagella.

Female sex cells or ova are non-motile and relatively


large in comparison to male gametes.

In sexual reproduction, sex cells unite during fertilization


to form a new individual. While other body cells replicate
by mitosis, gametes reproduce by meiosis.
Pancreatic Cells

Pancreatic cells are


important for regulating
blood glucose
concentration levels as
well as for the digestion of
proteins, carbohydrates,
and fats.
Cancer Cells
Unlike all of the other cells listed,
cancer cells work to destroy the
body. Cancer results from the
development of abnormal cell
properties that cause cells to
divide uncontrollably and spread
to other locations.
Cancer Cells
 Cancer cell development can originate
from mutations stemming from exposure
to chemicals, radiation, and ultraviolet
light.
 Cancer can also have genetic origins
such as chromosome replication errors
and cancer-causing viruses of the DNA.

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