BUILDING

LIFECYCLE

Abhay Pal
Aditya Vironiya
Akarshita Barui
Khushi Agrahari
BUILDING LIFECYCLE
What is it ?

• Building life cycle refers to the view of a building

over the course of its entire life, viewing it not just as
an operational building, but taking into account the
design, construction, operation, demolition and waste
treatment.
• The study of the entire impact of a building on its
environment has become a requirement for
construction in most jurisdictions, owing to the
resource-intensive nature of construction.
• Life cycle analysis considers various aspects of
resource utilization in a building, for example, overall
energy conservation.

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DESIGN
DESIGN
 THREE LEVELS OF DESIGN:
• SCHEMATIC DESIGN
(SD): PERFORM AN
EVALUATION OF THE
OWNER’S NEEDS, AND
DEVELOP AN INITIAL DESIGN
CONCEPT. TYPICALLY, THE
INDUSTRY HAS CONSIDERED
THIS LEVEL OF DESIGN TO
BE APPROXIMATELY 30%
COMPLETE.
• DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
(DD): EXPAND THE INITIAL
CONCEPT TO DEFINE THE
SYSTEMS THAT WILL BE
USED AND GENERAL
MATERIALS. TYPICALLY,
THIS HAS BEEN CONSIDERED
APPROXIMATELY 60%
DESIGN COMPLETION.
• CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
(CD): FINALIZE THE DESIGN
DETAILS TO A LEVEL THAT
THEY CAN BE
BUILT. COMPLETE ALL
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS AND
CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS.

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1. PROJECT INCEPTION
T HIS IS THE FIRST STAGE OF ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN WHERE THE PLANNING OF THE PROJECT
BEGINS. IT IS HERE THAT WE AIM TO GAIN A DEEP
UNDERSTANDING OF OUR CLIENTS IN ORDER TO BE
ABLE TO DESIGN AN EFFECTIVE PROJECT. THE SIZE
OF
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A CLIENT’S HOME IS DETERMINED BY A NUMBER OF
FACTORS, INCLUDING THEIR LIFESTYLE AND THEIR
FUTURE NEEDS. IN ADDITION, WE SUGGEST THE
MOST EFFECTIVE WAY TO UTILIZE IT.
GATHERING DATA ABOUT THE EXISTING
CONDITIONS ON SITE IS THE OTHER PART OF
THE PRE-DESIGN PHASE. THIS USUALLY INVOLVES
MAPPING THE LAND SO THAT THE LOCATION AND
DETAILS OF ANY EXISTING STRUCTURES CAN BE
DETERMINED. IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT
OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT, WE TAKE
INTO ACCOUNT THE ENVIRONMENT, THE PEOPLE,
2. SCHEMATIC DESIGN
At this stage of architectural design, we analyze
the client’s program and begin preliminary
studies to develop design concepts and sketches.
These sketches show space arrangements,
planning relationships, and a variety of
materials. As the floor plans and shapes are
defined, the details of materials and
construction take longer to complete. We pay
attention to how our clients react and make any
necessary adjustments in response to their
feedback.
A lot of the client’s involvement is required
during this phase, as well as the approval of the
Schematic Design. Take the time to give
thoughtful feedback to your design professional
if something doesn’t make sense to you.
Changes are always possible, but the easiest
time to make them is during the development
phase.
3. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Design Development follows the floor plan and
exterior concept developed in the previous phase.
We refine the schematics with more precision and
accuracy in regards to size and dimension. During
this stage of the architectural design process, we
compile Design Development Documents to best
explain the client’s proposed design. These
documents include detailed floor and section plans,
elevations, and sections.
This phase also involves visualizing the concept in
3D using architectural visualization software. By the
end of the Design Development phase, the exterior
of the building becomes more comprehensively
designed. This includes the layout of the interior, the
dimensions of all spaces, and the majority of
materials used.
4. CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
We create the construction documents based on the
approved design development documents and other
iterations by the client. These drawings give in detail
the requirements for the construction of the Project.
Our team specifies all materials, finishes, fixtures,
equipment, and appliances to be installed.
Construction documents require a lot of time, which
may surprise you. Local development authorities
then require these documents in order to give
approval for construction.
At mimAR, we make separate drawings for each
work and include them in the construction
documents. A plumber, for example, receives
drawings specifically intended for plumbing work.
Where an electrician gets his own drawings for the
work he does. It is important to separate drawings
and documents for each work to avoid confusion. As
a result, everyone knows precisely what he or she is
responsible for.
5. CONSTRUCTION ADMINISTRATION
This phase generally involves providing advice to
the client about the construction process, which may
include minor design revisions. We also examine the
construction to ensure that the work continues in
accordance with the construction documents and
design specifications. Lastly, we will verify that the
materials and workmanship are of the quality agreed
upon. The billings of your contractor will also be
compared to the amount of work completed. Our
team will collaborate with you to draft your final
checklist, ensuring that the project meets your
expectations.
CONSTRUCTION
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CONSTRUCTION BUILDING CYCLE

• A construction project entails 5 important stages:
1)Initiation
2)Planning
3)Implementation
4)Performance
5)Monitoring and closing

www.theconstructor.org
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INITIATION

• The initiation phase begins with identifying a project objective, and recording the need.
• After determining the project objective, those involved develop a list of proposed solutions and
study the feasibility of each option.
• If stakeholders approve the solution, they appoint a project manager to oversee the process. This
phase also involves building a project team and identifying the deliverables.
• The project manager approves the team and deliverables, and the project may move to the next
phase.

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PLANNING

The planning phase involves further developing the project to determine how to meet the project's
objective.
• The team identifies the work to be done and the tasks and resources required.
• The final product is a project plan that outlines certain aspects of the project, such as its:
 Activities
 Dependencies
 Tasks
 Time frames

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EXECUTION

• The execution phase includes the implementation stages of the project. The team performs most
of the work on the project on-site, and the project manager maintains control and
communication through each implementation stage.
• While teams strive to follow project plans exactly, some variances or adjustments may occur.
The project manager records all adjustments or variances and makes corrective measures as
needed to ensure the project continues as planned.

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PERFORMANCE AND MONITORING

• The performance and monitoring phase happens concurrently with the execution phase. It includes
all measurements of progress and performance.
• Project managers should provide status reports regularly that follow the previously agreed-upon
format. Here are some elements to include:
 Cost
 Quality
 Schedule
• The project manager reviews each deliverable against the customer acceptance criteria and approves
them. The customer agrees to the final solution, and the project is ready for closure.
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CLOSURE

• The closure phase involves the project manager providing all the final deliverables to the
customer.
• The project manager and team may evaluate the success of the project. They may identify things
that went well and things that didn't.
• The project manager will use this feedback to improve future team projects.

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OPERATION
DEMOLITION
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INTRODUCTION​
​
STEPS BEFORE DEMOLITION​
​
> SURVEYING​
​
> REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS​
​
> PREPARATION OF PLAN

> STABILITY REPORT​

​
> SAFETY MEASURES METHODS OF DEMOLITION​
​
> NON-EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION​
​
CONCLUSION​

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INTRODUCTION
• WE KNOW EVERY STRUCTURE IS DESIGNED FOR A LIFE PERIOD.​
• THE EXISTENCE OF THE STRUCTURE AFTER THE SERVICE LIFE PERIOD IS VERY DANGEROUS TO ITS
OCCUPANTS AND SURROUNDING BUILDINGS.​
• THE BUILDING ACT USUALLY CONTAINS PROVISIONS THAT ENABLE LOCAL AUTHORITIES TO
CONTROL DEMOLITION WORKS FOR THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC SAFETY AND
TO ENSURE ADJOINING PREMISES AND THE SITE ARE MADE GOOD ON COMPLETION OF
THE DEMOLITION​

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DEMOLITION​
​

• D
​ EMOLITION IS THE PROCESS OF TEARING DOWN OR FALLING DOWN OF A
BUILDING AFTER ITS LIFE PERIOD WITH THE HELP OF SOME EQUIPMENTS OR
ANY OTHER METHOD.​​
• WHEN EXPLOSIVES ARE USED FOR THIS THEN THE DEMOLITION PROCESS ARE
CALLED AS AN IMPLOSION.

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STEPS BEFORE DEMOLITION​

​

• >THE DIFFERENT STEPS BEFORE THE EXECUTION OF A DEMOLITION

PROCESS ARE:​
• 1. SURVEYING​
• 2. REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS​
• 3. PREPARATION OF PLAN​
• 4. STABILITY REPORT​
• 5. SAFETY MEASURES

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1. SURVEYING​

• Surveying means study of different parameters of the structure and its surroundings.​
• There are two types of surveying are mainly conducted. They are​
• A. Building surveying​
• B. Structural surveying​

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2. REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS​

​
• ■ If hazardous materials, such as asbestos containing materials, petroleum contamination and
radioactive contamination, exist in the building, further investigation and removal of such
hazardous material or contamination by specialist shall be referenced.​
• In the case when asbestos containing material are discovered,​
• specialist contractor shall be employed to remove such asbestos containing material.​

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• The asbestos waste should be handled, stored and disposed of as chemical waste in accordance
with the Waste Disposal Ordinance and Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation.​
• In the case when possible soil contamination material is present, specialist shall be employed to
prepare soil contamination test proposal and submit such proposal to the Environmental
Protection Department for comment.​
• In the case when remedial works are required, the remedial proposal shall be submitted to the
Environmental Protection Department for approval prior to implementation of such remedial
works.​

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4. STABILITY REPORT​
​

• The Stability Report shall include the following parts:​

• ■ A report on the stability of the building to be demolished during all stages of demolition;​
• "A report on the stability of the building with supporting calculations to demonstrate that the use
of the plants and equipment will not render inadequate the margin of safety of, or cause damage
to any building, structure, street, land and services;structural calculations for all temporary
supports and bracings;​
• ■ A report on the stability of neighbouring buildings, adjoining properties.​

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METHODS OF DEMOLITION​

• There are two types of demolition​

• 1. Non explosive demolition​
• It means the demolition of a structure done with some equipment without the use of any
explosive.​
• 2. Explosive demolition​

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NON EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION​

​
• Sledge hammer​
• A sledge hammer, equipment used for removing a stone wall or a single column.​
• It consists of a long stem with a metallic head. It is used to give impacts on the surfaces and that
cause the demolition of structure.​
• It cannot be used for removal of large buildings.​

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EXCAVATORS AND BULLDOZERS​

​
• •Hydraulic excavators may be used to topple one-or two- story buildings by an undermining
process. The undermining process means, erode the base or foundation, i.e., dig or
excavate beneath the foundation so as to make it collapse​
• •Loaders or bulldozers may also be used to demolish a building. They are typically equipped
with "rakes" (thick pieces of steel that could be an I-beam or tube) that are used to ram building
wall. Skid loaders and Loaders will also be used to take material out and sort steel.​

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WRECKING BALLS​
​
• In case of buildings have greater heights (5 to 6 story) normal excavators and bulldozers are not
sufficient. In such cases crane with wrecking balls are used to perform the demolition activity.​
• The wrecking balls are steel balls hanging from a steel rope which is attached to the crane.
• This method is more effective only for high rise masonry structures because of the uncontrolled
backward movement of steel ball after the impact on the wall surface.​
• Now this metod not commonly used because of this uncontrolled behavior of wrecking balls.​

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HIGH REACH EXCAVATORS​

​
• High reach demolition excavators are more often used for tall buildings where explosive
demolition is not appropriate or not possible.​
• ☐ These excavators are used to demolish up to a height of 300 feet. These excavators with some
attachments are also provided for some specific purposes.​
• Hydraulic hammers are often used for concrete structures and concrete processing attachments
are used to crush concrete to a manageable size, and to removing reinforcing steel.​

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EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION​
​
• The basic idea of explosive demolition is quite simple.​
• If we remove the support structure of a building at a certain point, the section of the building
above the point will fall down on the part of the building below that point.​
• There are mainly two ways to implode a building,​
• 1. felling like a tree​
• 2. falling into its own footprint​

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FELLING LIKE A TREE​

​
• In this the blasting crew will be able to tumble the building over on one side, into a parking lot
other open area. This sort of blast is the easiest to execute, and it is generally the safest way to
go. Tipping a building over is something like felling a tree. For example to topple the building to
the north, the blasters detonate explosives on the north side of the building first, in the same way
you would chop into a tree from the north side if you wanted it to fall in that direction. Blasters
may also secure steel cables to support columns in the building, so that they are pulled a certain
way as they crumble.​

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FALLING INTO ITS OWN FOOTPRINT​

​
• Sometimes, though, a building is surrounded by structures that must be preserved. In this case, the
blasters proceed with a true implosion, demolishing the building so that it collapses straight down
into its own footprints (that means the total area of building is removed into the base of the building).
This feat requires such skill that only a handful of demolition companies in the world will attempt it.​
• Blasters approach each project a little differently, but the basic idea is to think of the building as
a collection of separate towers. The blasters set the explosives so that each "tower" falls toward
the centre of the building, in roughly the same way that they would set the explosives to topple a
single structure to the side.​
• • When the explosives are detonated in the right order, the toppling towers crash against each other,
and all of the rubbles collect at the centre of the building. Another option is to detonate the columns
at the centre of the building before the other columns so that the building's sides fall inward.​

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CONCLUSION​
​
• Type of demolition method depends upon various factors such as site condition, type of
structures, age of building. height of building and economy.​
• Anyway controlled demolition of building is necessary to ensure safety.​
• Explosive demolition is the preferred method for safely and efficiently demolishing the larger
structures.​

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WASTE TREATMENT
WASTE MANAGEMENT
What is it ?

• waste management is a mechanism of

origination, storage, assortment, handling,
processing and disposal of generated waste
materials ensuring healthy environmental
conditions.
• More than 450 million tonnes per year
construction and demolition waste is
generated. Though the construction and
demolition waste are having highest
recovery potential to achieve almost 80%
recycling or reuse. However, on ground
reality out of it 80%, a maximum 5% of
waste is actually recovered and balance
75% of waste is being landfilled
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WASTE MANAGEMENT
.

• As per Technology Information,

Forecasting and Assessment Council,
any new building construction
generates 40-60 kg of construction and
demolition waste per sqm, thus solely
India is generating 50 million tons
construction and demolition waste per
year for new building construction
programs. Further demolition and
modification activities generate 300-
500 kg of waste per sqm which is 10
times more that any new construction
activity.
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WASTE MANAGEMENT
What is it ?

• waste management is a mechanism of

origination, storage, assortment, handling,
processing and disposal of generated waste
materials ensuring healthy environmental
conditions.
• More than 450 million tonnes per year
construction and demolition waste is
generated. Though the construction and
demolition waste are having highest
recovery potential to achieve almost 80%
recycling or reuse. However, on ground
reality out of it 80%, a maximum 5% of
waste is actually recovered and balance
75% of waste is being landfilled
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WASTE MANAGEMENT
.

If the steel-framed structure is ,volume of

concrete debris waste can be reduced by
50% hence reducing construction and
demolition waste by 33%.

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WASTE MANAGEMENT
CONCLUSION

Life cycle assessment must be followed for

all the construction materials to promote the
principle of 3R Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
In addition that government must introduce
stringent construction code specifically to
emphasize the use of the recycled materials
and alternative building materials
Use of recycled block paver and floor tiles
manufactured using construction and
demolition waste.
Further tax policies must be formatted to
promote the use of recycled waste products
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