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Module 5

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16 views

Module 5

Uploaded by

Kommi Venkat saketh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 5

Robot Applications
Capabilities of robots, materials handling, machine loading
and unloading, machining and fettling, robot assembly,
welding, future applications.
Introduction
• Fabrication, Forming, Machining and Assembly facilities are some of
the tough challenges in manufacturing industry
• High level of durability and reliable low cost is essential in end product,
for which robotics play an important role in this revolutionary process
• Earlier application of robots in late 50’s is picking and placing of
operations in die casting
• Painting, Casting and Welding are some of the few other applications
where robots are used
• Relieving the workers from hazardous environment is one of the favors
in using the robots
Robot Geometries

• Microprocessor with simple internal


position sensors controlling the
Robot coordinates
• In the area of manufacturing, these
simple robots perform repetitive
industrial tasks
Capabilities of Robots
• Transportation and Manipulation are the manufacturing tasks must be
accomplished to make the robot useful
• Intro of robot om shop floor where 95% of work done will reduce the
work in process time and lead time
• Acquire, Transport and Release are some of the important capabilities
of robots which are part of the part, tool and assembly handling
Cont..
Operations like below are under the capabilities of Robots:
1. Point to Point control (Servo and Non-Servo type)
2. Continuous path control (Servo and Non-Servo type)
3. Simple operations of transferring parts may be fulfilled by non servo
robots
4. Machine tool loading and unloading (Complex task by servo-based
robots)
5. Palletizing the parts to machine center
6. Parts handling in Flexible manufacturing system (FMS)
7. Sorting the parts
Other applications besides material handling
• Spray painting
• Spot and Arc welding
• Machining
• Press work operations
• Mating
• Inserting parts during assembly
• Inspecting the products for quality control
Robot Applications
Material Handling (MH)
• MH varies in nature for eg: simple part transfer to and from conveyor, mounted
on rails or slides, placed on automated guided vehicle (AGV) moving on shop
floor (gantry robots)
• Robots are very much used in palletizing
• Fragile objects are conveniently transferred with the help of Robots
• Robots are typical employed in different material handling operations involving
different geometries such as
1. Picking and placing
2. Palletizing and depalletizing
3. Machine loading and unloading
4. Parts feeding, storage and retrieval
5. Sorting of the parts from conveyors
Pick and Place Operation

• A cylindrical coordinate
robot performs typical
pick and place operation
Palletizing and Depalletizing

• Gripper attempting to insert a


cylindrical work piece into a
chuck

• Robot Picking up a tool from


tool storage and loading on a
machine
Cont..

• Three fingered gripper stacking a cylindrical


work pieces on a pallet
• Pallets are suitable for storage and material
handling operations
Machine loading and Unloading
• A robot should orient work piece correctly either from
conveyor to a machine or from a bin to the particular
machine
• Robot gripper should be able to part back after processing
• Loading and unloading, machine tools, forging, cold working
presses, and injection molding machines are some of the
application of robots
Cont..

• Single robot addressing operations


involved in flexible manufacturing cell
(FMC)

• A robot mounted on rails to add


mobility for serving two workstations
Machining and Fettling
• Robot applications in the area of machining are limited due
to the lack of feedback sensing facilities
• Part handling robot brings and locate a work piece into a
fixture
• Tool handling robot can hold a tool to drill, mill, or desired
machine operation on work piece
• Generation of complex motions and operating speeds are
some of the problems that restrict robotic applications in
machining
Cont..

• Machining involves complexities if a robot is employed without any


sensory organs (Feedback sensors)

• Important drawbacks of robots in machining:


1. Accuracy and repeatability is not as same as CNC machine tools

2. Compliance characteristics and load carrying capacity is less than a CNC


machine tool

3. A robot end effector is not as dexterous as a human wrist and fingers


Drilling and Fettling
• Drilling the work pieces on a workstation require positional motion
from the robot controller
• Robot grips the piece and drill the required no of holes with the help
of end effector either by programming or teaching
• Accuracy can be maintained with the help of robot drilling
• Fettling by manual mean causes fatigue, noise, dust etc.
• Robot picks up a casting with the help of a compliance end effector
and presents the cast part to a grinding machine or several finishing
machines arranged around the robot
Robot Assembly
• On an average of 20-60% of production cost involves in Assembly
• Though the automation is involved in manufacturing but not in
assembly
• Most of the assembly tasks is carried over by manual means
• Sometimes, repetitive assembly works involve human labor and their
problem pertaining to physical and psychological problems
• Increase in productivity can be achieved by the application of assembly
line principle, division of work and methods related to time and motion
studies
• Competitive and working environment involve in robot assembly
Assembly systems
• Assembly is a significant part of production process and
it changes firm to firm
• Simple process may not need assembly

• Complex process must need assembly operation


• Key functions of assembly involves Handling, Composing,
and Checking/Adjusting
arc Welding

Welding
• Welding is made by tool handling robots
• Important types of welding
1. Arc Welding
2. Spot Welding Metal Inert gas Welding (arc)

Spot Welding
Operations involved in spot welding
• Squeeze the metal surfaces between the
electrodes
• Welding by passing current for specific duration
of time
• Releasing the grip
Spot welding Applications
• Fastening sheet metals
• Automobile body assembly
• Frames
• Panels
• Fabrication of metal furniture
• Domestic Appliances etc.
Arc welding
• Fusion of two surfaces by heat generated by continuous electric arc is
known as arc welding
• Common types of Arc welding's:
1. Tungsten inert gas (TIG)
2. Metal inert gas (MIG)
3. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW)
4. Submerged arc welding (SAW)
• These are used for multi pass multilayered (MPM) welding of metal
parts and replace many riveting operations
Cont..
• In Arc welding, work pieces are joined by an airtight
seal between the pieces to be joined
• A temperature of about 3000-3300 degree Celsius
melts the metal
• DC current of 100 to 300 A at 10-30 V is used for this
purpose
Future of robots
• Robots must employee machine intelligence with proper
coordination of both brain and body functions in order to
cope with the time dependent events
• Multidiscipline team is essential in order to develop the
advance computer programming, diagnostic software,
algorithms for dynamic exchange of information in different
levels of hierarchy
• Simulation techniques are essential to solve the problems of
complexity in futuristic robots
Future Applications
• Robot vehicle
• Space robotics
• Humanoid and walking robots
• Personal and service robots
• Robot for biological and medical applications
• Sensor integrated intelligent robots for health care
Cont..
• Robot vehicles are autonomous machines unmanned for remotely
operated with good communication systems
• Robots are used as space vehicles
• Robots are useful in undersea exploration at greater depths
• Robots are used in mining
• The important aspects of typical robots are:
1. Integration of sensors
2. Computer intelligence
3. Improved control and
4. Adequate power and mobility
Cont..
• Some of the important applications of robots involve:
1. Mining
2. Defense
3. Coastal monitoring
4. Space exploration etc
• Humanoid robots are machines that function like human with greater
mobility
• Bipedal locomotion are parts and parcels of such humanoid robots
• Personal robots on the other hand useful to human in educating,
assisting and entertaining
Robots in Biomedical applications
• Robots' surgery are noninvasive
• Robot prosthetic legs, arms and hands are used to replace organs of
human body
• Robot wheelchairs, Walking machines and Artificial limbs are few of
the widely used applications of robots in biomedical industry
• Mechatronics, MEMS, micro actuators and sensors open up for wide
scope of technology in medical and biological applications
• Diagnostics, telemedicine, and surgical issues are some of the major
growth areas
• Soft computing, AI, Swarm technologies are some of the technologies
finding wide applications in networked robotics
Thank you

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