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9.intro To FD Analysis

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12 views11 pages

9.intro To FD Analysis

Uploaded by

velavanakash7
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1

Frequency Domain Analysis

• Need for frequency domain analysis


• How to do frequency domain analysis ?
 Born: 21 March 1768 in France
 Died: 16 May 1830 in Paris, France
 Fourier demonstrated talent on math at the age
of 14.
 In 1787 Fourier decided to train for the
priesthood - a religious life or a mathematical
life?
 In 1793, Fourier joined the local Revolutionary
Committee.

2
Contributions by Fourier
 The study of signals and systems using sinusoidal
representations is termed as Fourier Analysis.
 In studying the propagation and diffusion of heat in solids, by
1807, Fourier had found a series of harmonically related
sinusoids to be useful in representing the temperature
distribution through a body.
 He also claimed that any periodic signal could be represented
by such a series, which is called the Fourier series
representation.
 He also obtained a representation for aperiodic signals as
weighted integrals of sinusoids that are not all harmonically
related, called the Fourier integral or Fourier transform.
 In 1822, Fourier published his results in expanded form as a
book Theorie analytique de la chaleur (The Analytical theory of
Heat), which is a classic text.

V. Krishnaveni, A. Rajeswari, “Signals and Systems,” Wiley India Private Limited, 1st Edition, Reprint 2019. 3
Fourier Analysis for four types of signals

Analysis
Equations
Synthesis
Equations
4
CTFS Pair of Equations

• Any CT periodic signal x(t), can be represented as a linear combination


of harmonically related complex exponentials of the form

Synthesis Equation

Analysis Equation

• ak - Fourier series coefficients and Ω 0= 2π/T


• The component for k = 0 is a constant and is the dc component.
• The components for k = ±1 are called the first harmonic components.
• The components for k = ±2 are the second harmonics and so on.

Periodicity in one domain is Discreteness in the other domain


DTFS Pair of Equations
• Any DT periodic signal x[n], with fundamental period N , and
fundamental frequency 0 can be represented as a linear
combination of harmonically related complex exponentials,
which are periodic in the frequency domain over N,

Synthesis Equation

Analysis Equation

• The Fourier coefficients ak repeats periodically with period N,


so ak = ak +N
• DTFS is a finite sum over only N terms. It provides an exact
alternative representation of the time signal and issues such
as convergence or Gibbs phenomenon do not arise.
PSG College of Technology 6
CTFT Pair of Equations
• The theory of Fourier series can be used to derive the Fourier
transform, which can be used for analyzing aperiodic signals.
• An aperiodic signal can be can be viewed as a periodic signal with
an infinite period and one cycle.
• In the Fourier series representation of an aperiodic signal, as the
period increases, the fundamental frequency decreases and the
harmonically related complex exponentials become closer in
frequency.
• As the period becomes infinite, the frequency components become
a continuum and the Fourier series sum becomes an integral.
CTFS pair of equations CTFT pair of equations
DTFT Pair of Equations
• Similar to continuous time signals, any aperiodic discrete signal can
also be can be viewed as a periodic signal with an infinite period
and one cycle.
• In the Fourier series representation of a discrete aperiodic signal, as
the period increases, the fundamental frequency decreases and the
harmonically related complex exponentials become closer in
frequency.
• As the period becomes infinite, the frequency components become
a continuum and the Fourier series sum becomes an integral.
DTFS pair of equations DTFT pair of equations
Summary of Fourier Representations
Transform Analysis equation Synthesis equation Nature Nature of
of the the
time frequency
domain domain
signal signal

CTFS CP DA

CTFT CA CA

DTFS DP DP

DTFT DA CP
Example of CTFS & CTFT
TD: Continuous Periodic FD: Discrete Aperiodic

TD: Continuous Aperiodic FD: Continuous Aperiodic

10
Example of DTFS & DTFT
TD: Discrete Periodic FD: Discrete Periodic

TD: Discrete Aperiodic FD: Continuous Periodic

11

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