Sentences according to

structure
Sentences according to structure
• Simple sentence
• Compound
• Complex
• Compound-complex
Meaning of a simple sentence
• A simple sentence is a type of sentence that consists of just one
independent clause, which means it has a subject and a verb and
expresses a complete thought.
• It is the most basic unit of a sentence in English grammar.
Features of simple sentences
1.One Independent Clause: A simple sentence contains only one
independent clause, which means it can stand alone as a complete
thought.
2.Subject and Verb: It includes a subject (the person, place, thing, or
idea that the sentence is about) and a verb (the action or state of being).
3.Complete Thought: A simple sentence expresses a complete idea or
thought. It may convey a statement, a question, a command, or an
exclamation.
4.Clarity: Simple sentences are clear and straightforward, making them
easy to understand.
Examples of simple sentences
1."She sings."
2."The cat is sleeping."
3."They are playing soccer."
4."John and Mary went to the store."
5."The sun shines brightly."
Compound sentences-meaning
• A compound sentence is a type of sentence that consists of two or more
independent clauses joined together by coordinating conjunctions. The
coordinating conjunctions have the acronym FANBOYS.
• For
• And
• Nor
• But
• Or
• Yet
• So
Compound sentences
1.For: It indicates causation or explanation.
1. Example: She studied hard, for she wanted to pass the exam.
2.And: It connects similar elements or adds information.
1. Example: He likes to read books and watch movies.
3.Nor: It joins negative alternatives.
1. Example: She neither sang nor danced at the party.
4.But: It contrasts or indicates exception.
1. Example: She is tired, but she won't stop until she finishes her work.
1.Or: It presents alternatives.
1. Example: Would you like tea or coffee?
2.Yet: It contrasts ideas or indicates addition.
1. Example: He was tired yet he continued to work.
3.So: It shows consequence, result, or inference.
1. Example: It was raining so we took an umbrella.
Examples of compound sentences
For:
1. She decided to go home early for she wasn't feeling well.
2. He didn't study much, for he already knew the material.
And:
3. Sarah likes to swim and to hike.
4. He bought bread and milk from the grocery store.
Nor:
5. He neither ate breakfast nor lunch today.
6. They could neither stay at home nor go out because of the storm.
1.But:
1. She wants to go to the party but she has to finish her assignment first.
2. He is smart but he can be lazy sometimes.
Examples of compound sentences
Or:
1. Would you like pizza or pasta for dinner?
2. You can choose to study at home or at the library.
Yet:
3. The movie was long, yet it was very enjoyable.
4. She was tired, yet she managed to finish her project.
So:
5. It was getting late, so we decided to leave the party.
6. The weather forecast predicted rain, so I brought my umbrella.
Use the appropriate coordinating
conjunctions to join the following sentences
• 1The cat meowed loudly the dog barked in response.
• 2 The team practiced hard they were determined to win the championship.
• 3 The train arrived late passengers waited patiently.
• 4. The movie was long and captivating the audience stayed until the end.
• 5 The storm raged outside we stayed cozy indoors.
• 6. The students studied hard for the exam some still didn't pass.
• 7. The sun was shining the birds were singing in the trees.
• 8. Sarah finished her homework she went out to play with her friends.
Answers
• 1but
• 2 for
• 3but
• 4 so
• 5 so
• 6 yet
• 7 and
• 8. so
Complex sentence
• A complex sentence is a type of sentence that consists of one
independent clause (a complete sentence that can stand alone) and at
least one dependent clause (a clause that cannot stand alone as a
complete sentence because it does not express a complete thought).
• The dependent clause is usually introduced by a subordinating
conjunction or a relative pronoun.
Features of a complex sentence

1.Independent Clause: This is the part of the sentence that can stand
alone as a complete thought and usually contains the main idea or
primary information.
2.Dependent Clause: This part of the sentence cannot stand alone as a
complete thought and relies on the independent clause for meaning. It
often provides additional information, describes the main clause
further, or adds context.
Features of a complex sentence
3. Subordinating Conjunctions or Relative Pronouns: These
elements are used to introduce the dependent clause and show its
relationship to the independent clause. Common subordinating
conjunctions include words like "although," "because," "since," "when,"
and "while." Relative pronouns such as "that," "which," "who," and
"whom" can also introduce dependent clauses.
4. Relationships and Connectivity: A complex sentence allows for
more sophisticated relationships between ideas, such as cause and
effect, contrast, time sequence, condition, and concession. The
dependent clause often adds nuance or complexity to the main idea
expressed in the independent clause.
Example of complex sentence
• Here's an example of a complex sentence:
• Independent Clause: "She went to the store."
• Dependent Clause: "because she needed to buy some groceries."
• Combining them, we get: "She went to the store because she needed to
buy some groceries."
• In this example, "She went to the store" is the independent clause, and
"because she needed to buy some groceries" is the dependent clause.
The subordinating conjunction "because" introduces the dependent
clause and shows the reason for the action expressed in the
independent clause.
Subordinating conjunctions
• After
• although
• as
• as if
• as long as
• as soon as
• as though
• because
• before
• even if
• even though
Subordinating conjunctions
• if
• inasmuch as
• in case
• in order that
• insofar as
• lest
• now that
• once
• only if
• provided that
• rather than
Subordinating conjunctions
• whenever
• where
• wherever
• while
• who
• whoever
• whom
• whomever
• whose
• if only
Subordinating conjunctions
• since
• so that
• supposing
• than
• that
• though
• till
• unless
• until
• when
Subordinating conjunctions
• only when
• whether
• whereas
• after all
• as if
• as long as
• as much as
• if only
Examples of complex sentences
1.Although she had studied all night, Sarah still felt unprepared for the exam.
2.As the sun set, casting long shadows over the horizon, the travelers finally
reached the summit of the mountain.
3.Despite his fear of heights, Jack summoned the courage to climb to the top of
the tower.
4.Because she had saved enough money, Maria decided to take a trip to Europe
next summer.
5.After finishing his meal, John went for a walk in the park to enjoy the cool
evening breeze.
6.While she waited for the train, Sarah read a book that she had borrowed from
the library.
Compound- complex sentences
Compound-complex sentences are sentences that contain two or more
independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
In other words, they are a combination of compound sentences (which
contain two or more independent clauses) and complex sentences
(which contain one independent clause and at least one dependent
clause).
Compound-complex sentence
• Here's an example of a compound-complex sentence:
• "After I finish my work, I'll go to the gym, and I'll meet my friend who
invited me there."
• In this example:
• "After I finish my work" is a dependent clause.
• "I'll go to the gym" and "I'll meet my friend" are independent clauses.
• "who invited me there" is a dependent clause.
Examples of compound-complex sentences
• After she finished her homework, Sarah went to the store, and John
went to the library to return his books.
• Although it was raining, Tom decided to go for a walk, but he took an
umbrella just in case he got caught in a downpour.
• Sheila studied hard for her exams because she wanted to get good
grades, but despite her efforts, she still felt anxious about the
outcome.
• When the bell rang, signaling the end of class, the students packed
their bags, and the teacher dismissed them for lunch.
Identify the structures of the following sentences (eg.
Simple, complex, etc)

a.When I came he had left.

b. John went to school to improve his education.

c. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man wealthy and healthy. .

d. Always go to other people’s funerals; otherwise, they won’t go to

yours.
e. They left the house because she was very angry with them.
Identify the structures of the following
sentences (eg. Simple, complex, etc)
• f. Many students do not enjoy reading

• g. We may come today or they may come tomorrow.

• h. The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.

• i. I met your father when I was going home.

• j. They won a lottery and her husband leapt for joy.

Identify the structures of the following
sentences (eg. Simple, complex, etc)
• K. We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who
like to watch scary movies, thought we were wrong.
• L. When her husband arrived at the ward, she had given birth.
• M. The pastor cancelled the wedding because the lady was pregnant
so the couple stopped attending the church. compound
• N. Question four is compulsory.
• O. Last week, I left home early for work.
• P. The lady sells a lot of items and provides other services because she
is the wife of the Member of Parliament.