Teachers

Sarwat Sultana
Amrita Shahab
Nawveed Newaz
Kinematics
The study of motion in
One Dimension
 Syllabus
Cambridge O Level
Mathematics (Syllabus D) 4024
 Motion Graphs
• d-t distance/displacement vs. time

• v-t speed/velocity vs. time

• a-t acceleration vs. time

 Distance (d) -Time (t) Graphs
When a distance-time
graph is drawn the
gradient of the graph
gives the speed of the
𝑟 𝑖 𝑠𝑒 𝐷 𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑆 𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒= = = ¿
object. D
𝑟 𝑢𝑛 𝑇 𝑖𝑚𝑒
SLOPE or
GRADIENT = SPEED
(higher slope = faster t
speed)
 Distance-Time Graphs

Constant speed Constant speed No

(moving away) speed
(moving closer) (standing still)

(and faster!)
 Distance-Time Graphs
S=D÷T
=0÷4
= 0 m/s

S=D÷T
=8÷4 S=D÷T
= 2 m/s =8÷2
= 4 m/s
 Interpreting Velocity on a Graph
You can use the slope Distance [m]
of a line to find Velocity Velocity 
Time [ s ]
15 m

More Distance
Distance

In Less Time
10 m (Faster)

5m
Less Distance
In More Time
(Slower)

5s 10 s 15 s
Think of the Velocity graph this way:Time
Which one of these balls will fall faster?
The graph with more steepness is the faster velocity. The less steep, the slower.
 Speed (v) -Time (t) Graphs

When a speed-time
graph is drawn two
quantities are Steady velocity
obtained
1) acceleration = the Steady deceleration
gradient of the graph
2) distance travelled Steady acceleration

= area under graph

 Velocity-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)

80 Calculate the acceleration for each

of the 4 sections of the graph.

60
Velocity
m/s 40

20

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Velocity-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)

80 Acceleration = V - U Calculate the acceleration for each

t of the 4 sections of the graph.

60
Velocity
m/s 40

20

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Velocity-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)

80 Calculate the acceleration for each

of the 4 sections of the graph.

60
Velocity
m/s 40

20 Acceleration = 40 - 0 = 4m/s2
10

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Velocity-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)

80 Calculate the acceleration for each

of the 4 sections of the graph.

60
Velocity
m/s 40

20 Acceleration = 0 (no change in

velocity)

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Velocity-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)

80 Calculate the acceleration for each

of the 4 sections of the graph.

60
Velocity
m/s 40

20 Acceleration = 20 - 0 = 2m/s2
10

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Velocity-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)

80 Calculate the acceleration for each

of the 4 sections of the graph.

60
Velocity
m/s 40

20 Acceleration = 0 - 60 = -3m/s2
20

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.

80

60
Velocity
m/s 40

20

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.

80

60
Velocity
m/s 40

20

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.

80

60 Area =
Velocity 200m2

m/s 40

20

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.

80
Area =
400m2
60 Area =
Velocity 200m2

m/s 40

20

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.

80
Area =
400m2
60 Area =
Velocity 200m2

m/s 40

Area =
20 400m2

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.

80
Area =
Area = 100m2
400m2
60 Area =
Velocity 200m2

m/s 40

Area =
20 400m2

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.

80
Area =
Area = 100m2
400m2
60 Area =
Velocity 200m2

m/s 40

Area = Area =
20 400m2 600m2

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.

80
Area =
Area = 100m2
400m2
60 Area =
Velocity 200m2

m/s 40

Area = Area =
20 400m2 600m2

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50

The total distance travelled = 200 + 400 + 400 + 100 + 600 = 1700m
Distance/time graph Speed(velocity)/time
graph
Example 1

A car starts a journey from rest. It moves with constant acceleration for 20 seconds until it reaches a speed
of 15m/s. It then moves at a constant speed of 15m/s for 40 seconds.
(a) On the grid, draw the speed–time graph for the car’s journey.
(b) Calculate the acceleration of the car in the first 20 seconds of the journey.
Example 2

A train started from station A and travelled to station B 8 km from A. The table below show the readings of
the time, in minutes, since leaving station A and the corresponding distance, in km, from A.

Time
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(in minutes)
Distance
0.3 1.1 2.3 4.8 6.8 7.4 7.8 8.0
(in km)

a) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 2 minutes on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to represent 2 km

on the vertical axis, plot the points given in the table and join them with a smooth curve.

b) Use your graph to estimate the time taken to travel the first 4 km of the journey.

c) Find the approximate speed of the train 5 minutes after it has left station A.
 E b) Use your graph to estimate the time
taken to travel the first 4 km of the journey.

b) From the graph the time taken to travel the first 4

km of the journey is 3.8 minutes. (Ans.)

c) Find the approximate speed of the train

5 minutes after it has left station A.
Distance

c) E is the point the train reaches 5 minutes after it has

left station A. The gradient of the tangent at point E
km

gives the speed at that particular point.

Hence from the graph, the speed of the train
5 minutes after it has left station A is the
=

Speed = 1.11 km/minute = 66.6 km/h (Ans.)

Time minutes
 Example 3

Q) Ethan and Michael start moving towards each other at the same time.
The initial distance between them is 32 km.
(a) Given that Ethan is cycling at a constant speed of 20 km/h and Michael is walking at a
constant speed of 7 km/h.
Draw a distance- time graph to illustrate this information.

Ethan Michael
t 0 1 2 3 4 t 0 1 2 3 4
d 0 20 40 60 80 d 0 7 14 21 28
32-0=32 32-7=25 32-14=18 32-21=11 32-28=4
𝐷=20 ×𝑡
𝐷=7 ×𝑡
(b) Use your graph to find –
(i) How long it will take for them to pass each other.
(ii) the times when they will be 5 km apart.
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80 Ethan
(b) Use your graph to find –
(i) How long it will take for them to pass each other. 1.2 hrs
(ii) the times when they will be 5 km apart. 1 hr and 1.4 hrs
60
t 0 1 2 3 4
Ethan d 0 20 40 60 80

40 𝐷=20 ×𝑡
t 0 1 2 3 4
Michael d 0 7 14 21 28
20
32-0=32 32-7=25 32-14=18 32-21=11 32-28=4

𝐷=7 ×𝑡
Michael

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Q10) the diagram shows the S-T graph of a moving object.
(i) Find the speed of the object when ,
given that the acceleration in the first
5 secs is constant.
at , m/s
at , m/s
acceleration in the first 5 secs is
constant
m/
A/Q,

30
(ii) Given that the distance travelled is given by the area under the S-T graph, find the
average speed during the first 12 seconds.

Area of A,
Area of B,
Total distance travelled, 50+98 = 148 m
Avg speed =
A B

(iii) Given that the deceleration of the object between 12 sec

and T is 3.5 m/. Find the vale of T.

T = 16 sec

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Q14) A car starts from rest and accelerates at a uniform rate of 10 secs to reach a speed of 20 m/s.
The car then continues at a constant speed for 20 secs, before decelerating at a uniform rate of 1.8 m/
and eventually coming to rest.
(a) Sketch the S-T graph for the entire motion of the car.
s(m/s)

(b) Find-
2 m/
(i) Find acceleration in first 10 secs.
(ii) The total time taken for the entire motion
20
of the car. 41.1 s

10 20 30
t(sec)

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 Practice
New Syllabus Mathematics
Book 4
Revision Ex. 6F

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