Welcome Back to

School
EAPP
September 21, 2023
Subject Teacher: Irene D.
Espiritu
Learning Objectives:

 identify the structures of an academic text;

and
 apply knowledge of text structure in
gathering information through critical
reading of academic text.

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What is
Academic Text?
Academic text is defined as
critical, objective, specialized
texts written by experts or
professionals in a given field
using formal language.

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 Structure of
Academic Text

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 Essential Question
Have you ever wondered how
are the thoughts or ideas in
academic texts were
organized or written?

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 Text Structures
Text structures refer to the way
authors organize information in
text.

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 Components of Text Structures
Parts I-B-C Structure
Types of Text Structure order/sequence, comparison/contrast,
description/list, cause and effect, problem-
solution
Transition Words and Transition words or phrases are used to show
Phrases relationships among ideas. They are found all
throughout the text parts and patterns of
organization.
Sentence and Using graphic organizers to show the
Paragraph organization and relationship of ideas and
parts in a text.
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I-B-C Structure

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Common Parts of a Text

I- B- C
Introduction Body Conclusion

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Introduction
Its main purpose is to provide the
reader with a clear idea of the focus
and aim of the text. As a rough guide,
an introduction might be between 10
and 20 percent of the length of the
whole paper and has three main parts.
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Three Main Parts of Introduction
 The most general information, such as
background and/or definitions.
 The core of the introduction, where you show
the overall topic, purpose, your point of view,
hypotheses and/or research questions
(depending on what kind of paper it is).
 The most specific information, describing
the scope and structure of your paper.
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Body
This is considered as the heart of
the essay because it expounds the
specific ideas for the readers to
have a better understanding of the
topic. It usually is the largest part
of the essay.
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Conclusion
✔ The conclusion is closely related to the
introduction and is often described as its ‘mirror
image’.
✔ usually begins by briefly summarizing the main
scope or structure of the paper, confirms the
topic that was given in the introduction, ends with
a more general statement about how this topic
relates to its context.

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Five Common
Types of Text
Structures
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 Order/Sequence
Text structure that gives readers a
chronological of events or a list of
steps in a procedure.
Transitions first, next, last, second, another, then, additionally,
next, finally, before, preceding and others
Example First, read the manual of the device. Second, turn
on the device. Then, set the location, time and
date.

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Comparison/Contrast
Texts that follow this structure talk about
the differences and similarities of two or
more objects, places, events or ideas by
grouping their traits for comparison.
Transitions however, unlike, like, by contrast, yet, in comparison,
although, whereas, similar to, different from, as
opposed to, instead of, as well as.
Example Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research uses
descriptive data.
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 Description/List
This structure resembles an outline. Each
section opens with its main idea, then
elaborates on it, sometimes dividing the
elaboration into subsections.
Transitions for example, for instance, specifically, in particular, in
addition, to illustrate, such as, most important,
another.
Example Filipinos are very appreciative of arts such as plays,
paintings, music, and literature.
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Cause and Effect
In texts that follow this structure, the
reader may identify the reason and
result of an event or occurrence.
Transitions consequently, therefore, as a result, thereby, leads to,
because of, in order to, for these reasons, thus, if-
then, may be due to
Example Everyone followed health protocols. As a result, the
pandemic was gradually eradicated.

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Problem-Solution
This presents a problem and several possible
solutions. The author may also describe the
pros and cons of each solution.
Transitions the problem is, the difficulty is, it is possible to, if-then,
one challenge is, therefore, so, through
Example The problem on water pollution can be effectively
addressed through stricter regulations on industrial
waste disposal and increased investment in water
treatment facilities.

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Uses of Graphic Organizers
A graphic organizer is a visual
presentation with various shapes and
connecting marks that is used to show
the organization and relationship of
ideas and parts in a text. It serves as
the backbone in writing a formal and
effective academic text.
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Sample Graphic Organizers

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Importance of Text Structure
 The readers can significantly improve
their comprehension and retention of
information when they can identify
and recognize the text structure of a
text
 Organize information and details
they are learning in their minds while
reading. 22
Importance of Text Structure
 Make connections between the
details being presented in a text.
 Summarize the important details
shared in a text.

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Write an essay about your experience during the COVID -19
pandemic using a specific text structure of your choice. Use a
separate sheet in writing. Please be guided by the suggested
criteria for scoring.
Criteria for Scoring:
◈ Appropriate Use of Text Structure - 20 pts.
◈ Convention - 15 pts.
◈ Creativity and Organization - 15 pts.
◈ Total - 50 pts.
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PETA 2: Group Activities
Think of a specific topic in a field or discipline which interests
the majority of your members. Find at least two academic texts
related to this specific topic. Using a minimum of 500 words
and a maximum of 750 words, write synthesis of the texts. Use
questions below as your guide in writing.
a. Text Information
1. What are the main ideas of the text?
2. What new information or ideas did you find in each?
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PETA 2: Group Activities
b. Synthesis
1. How are the two-text related to one another? How do they
contribute to the field?
2. Reflect on what you have learned from the text and link
these learnings to yourself. Do this by answering the
following:
How do you think these new ideas can be helpful in:
 your life choices or decision?
 the way you think about yourself, others, or society?
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 the way you shape yourself into what you want to be?
Quiz #2:
A. Using your knowledge on
parts of a composition, label the
numbered parts of a paragraph
and essay by choosing the
correct answers from the word
pool. Write them in the given
organizers.

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Quiz #2:

B. Read the article, “Impact

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY
of Technology on Politics” STRUCTURE
ON POLITICS
written by Sharon Housley in
2012. Then, extract the
essential statements of the
Introduction, Body and
Conclusion. Follow the
format below.
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Remediation/Application

Read and understand the article,

“The Future Gender Equality”.
Respond to the article by writing an
essay. Use the Three-part structure
you have learned in the lesson.

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